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cardiovascular disease, which is associated with hyperlipidemia. Management of gout in Taiwan is poor, and the association between urate-lowering therapy (ULT) among gout patients and hyperlipidemia is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) of Taiwan on new-onset gout patients and a comparison cohort without gout. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyze differences in the risk of hyperlipidemia between patients with and without gout after considering related comorbidities. We also examined the ULT medications on the hepatic expression of lipogenesis-related genes. After adjusting for potential confounders, the case group (44,413 patients) was found to have a higher risk of hyperlipidemia than the control cohort (177,652 patients) [adjusted hazards ratio <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mfenced open=\"(\" close=\")\">\n                           <a:mrow>\n                              <a:mtext>aHR<\/a:mtext>\n                           <\/a:mrow>\n                        <\/a:mfenced>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>2.55<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>]. Gout patients without antigout treatment had significantly higher risk of hyperlipidemia than the control cohort (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <e:mtext>aHR<\/e:mtext>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>3.10<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Among gout patients receiving ULT, except those receiving probenecid (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <g:mtext>aHR<\/g:mtext>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.80<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), all had significantly lower risk of hyperlipidemia than gout patients without ULT (all <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <i:mtext>aHR<\/i:mtext>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.90<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we found that most of the antigout drugs decreased the expression of hepatic genes related to lipogenesis in differentiated HepaRG cells. These data indicate that these antigout drugs reduce hyperlipidemia in gout patients, partly via the reduction in expression of lipogenesis-related genes, leading to improved blood lipid profiles. We provide evidence of the strong association between gout and hyperlipidemia and highlight the need for appropriate treatment guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8890300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,17]],"date-time":"2020-11-17T02:20:10Z","timestamp":1605579610000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of Urate-Lowering Therapy on Risk of Hyperlipidemia in Gout by a Population-Based Cohort Study and on In Vitro Hepatic Lipogenesis-Related Gene Expression"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Fang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of 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