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and Communication Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cybercrime is significantly growing as the development of internet technology. To mitigate this issue, the law enforcement adopts network surveillance technology to track a suspect and derive the online profile. However, the traditional network surveillance using the single-device tracking method can only acquire part of a suspect\u2019s online activities. With the emergence of different types of devices (e.g., personal computers, mobile phones, and smart wearable devices) in the mobile edge computing (MEC) environment, one suspect can employ multiple devices to launch a cybercrime. In this paper, we investigate a novel cross-device tracking approach which is able to correlate one suspect\u2019s different devices so as to help the law enforcement monitor a suspect\u2019s online activities more comprehensively. Our approach is based on the network traffic analysis of instant messaging (IM) applications, which are typical commercial service providers (CSPs) in the MEC environment. We notice a new habit of using IM applications, that is, one individual logs in the same account on multiple devices. This habit brings about devices\u2019 receiving sync messages, which can be utilized to correlate devices. We choose five popular apps (i.e., WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, WeChat, QQ, and Skype) to prove our approach\u2019s effectiveness. The experimental results show that our approach can identify IM messages with high <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:math>-scores (e.g., QQ\u2019s PC message is 0.966, and QQ\u2019s phone message is 0.924) and achieve an average correlating accuracy of 89.58% of five apps in an 8-people experiment, with the fastest correlation speed achieved in 100\u2009s.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8891664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:30:12Z","timestamp":1600821012000},"page":"1-15","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Novel IM Sync Message-Based Cross-Device Tracking"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6375-3419","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Naixuan","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junzhou","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"year":"2004","key":"5"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.2006.1668399"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6815-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","year":"2001","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"15","first-page":"241","volume":"37","year":"1901","journal-title":"Bulletin de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles"},{"year":"2006","key":"16"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tdsc.2013.26"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.3891"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2013.03.012"},{"key":"27","first-page":"254","volume-title":"The leaking battery: a privacy analysis of the html5 battery status api","volume":"9481","year":"2015"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/popets-2017-0020"}],"container-title":["Security and Communication Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2020\/8891664.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2020\/8891664.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2020\/8891664.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T00:30:25Z","timestamp":1600821025000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/scn\/2020\/8891664\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["8891664","8891664"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8891664","relation":{},"ISSN":["1939-0114","1939-0122"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1939-0114"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1939-0122"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,22]]}}}