{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T21:37:13Z","timestamp":1776375433903,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1600905600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":267,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.G.P1\/167\/41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P1\/167\/41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Stretching is an important part of post ankle sprain rehabilitation, as well as an effective exercise for improving general ankle\u2010joint performance. But the combination of stretching alongside low\u2010frequency stimulation has not yet been extensively studied. Therefore, the purpose of the present randomized controlled trial was to compare the combined effects of low\u2010frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on strength, balance, and proprioception among individuals with post ankle sprain. Sixty male subjects with lateral ankle sprain were selected and randomly allocated to three groups: group 1, group 2, and the control group (CG). Subjects in group 1 received the PNF stretching technique combined with TENS. TENS stimulation was provided using two electrodes placed 5\u2009cm apart directly on the triceps sural muscle of the affected leg and a biphasic current with a symmetrical waveform at 50\u2009Hz for 15 seconds, tuned for a 3\u2010second ramp up time and a 30\u2010second rest time with a 250\u2010microsecond pulse duration was given with PNF stretching. Subjects in group 2 received the PNF stretching technique alone. Both group 1 and group 2 received these treatments for 4 weeks (4 days\/week); follow\u2010up assessments were administered in the third and fifth weeks. CG received no treatment; outcome measures alone were assessed. Outcome measures comprised pain, balance, flexibility, proprioception, range of motion, muscle strength, and functional limitation. A mixed\u2010model ANOVA showed significant interaction (time and group) and the time effect for all the outcome measures (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2264 0.05). Group 1 (PNF\u2010TENS) showed significant improvement for all the outcome variables compared to the other groups. The present study showed PNF stretching combined with TENS for the triceps sural muscle to trigger muscle contraction during the muscle contraction phase of the PNF stretch, compared against PNF stretching alone, produced significant improvements in ankle function for post ankle sprain subjects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9012930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T19:35:48Z","timestamp":1600976148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Effectiveness of Low\u2010Frequency Stimulation in Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Techniques for Post Ankle Sprain Balance and Proprioception in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6367-1317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khalid A.","family":"Alahmari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4920-6347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Silvian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6012-9207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irshad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6638-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravi Shankar","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2876-4227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaya Shanker","family":"Tedla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-1625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Venkata Nagaraj","family":"Kakaraparthi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0244-7645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kanagaraj","family":"Rengaramanujam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005768-199907001-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/or.2012.e5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1517-86921998000300002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200029050-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","first-page":"413","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the ankle after acute sprain or chronic instability","volume":"37","author":"Mattacola C. 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