{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T03:50:57Z","timestamp":1772164257901,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]],"date-time":"2020-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602288000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008840","name":"Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["018-18-12-20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["018-18-12-20"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008840","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"abstract":"\n Since the first confirmed case of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) on March 02, 2020, Saudi Arabia has not reported quite a rapid COVD-19 spread as seen in America and many European countries. Possible causes include the spread of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. To characterize the transmission of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, a susceptible, exposed, symptomatic, asymptomatic, hospitalized, and recovered dynamical model was formulated, and a basic analysis of the model is presented including model positivity, boundedness, and stability around the disease-free equilibrium. It is found that the model is locally and globally stable around the disease-free equilibrium when\n \n \n \n \n R<\/a:mi>\n <\/a:mrow>\n \n 0<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:mrow>\n <\/a:msub>\n <<\/a:mo>\n 1<\/a:mn>\n <\/a:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n . The model parameterized from COVID-19 confirmed cases reported by the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia (MOH) from March 02 till April 14, while some parameters are estimated from the literature. The numerical simulation showed that the model predicted infected curve is in good agreement with the real data of COVID-19-infected cases. An analytical expression of the basic reproduction number\n \n \n \n \n R<\/c:mi>\n <\/c:mrow>\n \n 0<\/c:mn>\n <\/c:mrow>\n <\/c:msub>\n <\/c:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n is obtained, and the numerical value is estimated as\n \n \n \n \n R<\/e:mi>\n <\/e:mrow>\n \n 0<\/e:mn>\n <\/e:mrow>\n <\/e:msub>\n \u2248<\/e:mo>\n 2.7<\/e:mn>\n <\/e:math>\n <\/jats:inline-formula>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9136157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T21:20:09Z","timestamp":1602537609000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["A Mathematical Model to Investigate the Transmission of COVID-19 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3110-414X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Fehaid Salem","family":"Alshammari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","article-title":"Covid-19 dashboard","author":"Ministry of health in Saudi Arabia"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0307506101"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616438114"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2209.152116"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30074-7"},{"key":"6","volume-title":"Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001316"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00108-6"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110075"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611970432"},{"key":"11","article-title":"Statistics library","author":"General authority for statistics in Saudi Arabia"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.03.18.20037994"},{"key":"13","article-title":"Modeling the dynamics of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) with fractional derivative","volume":"59","author":"M. Atlaf Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Alexandria Engineering Journal"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2019.03.012"},{"key":"15","volume-title":"Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb3221"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.3.2000044"},{"key":"18","first-page":"91","article-title":"Prevalence of comorbidities and its effects in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"94","author":"J. Yanga","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.02.06.20020974"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30260-9"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.23.916726"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2020.01.23.20018549"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M20-0504"},{"key":"24","volume-title":"The rate of underascertainment of novel coronavirus (2019-ncov) infection: estimation using japanese passengers data on evacuation flights","author":"H. Nishiura","year":"2020"},{"issue":"10229","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"F. Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30195-X"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/9136157.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/9136157.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/9136157.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,12]],"date-time":"2020-10-12T21:20:12Z","timestamp":1602537612000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2020\/9136157\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kaan","family":"Yetilmezsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["9136157","9136157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9136157","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2020.05.02.20088617","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1748-6718","1748-670X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,10]]}}}