{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:01:41Z","timestamp":1763535701006,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81873220","81774167"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81873220","81774167"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003091","name":"Government of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018CXGC1307","2015-013","2013-026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018CXGC1307","2015-013","2013-026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003091","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. Influenza virus poses a major threat to human health and has serious morbidity and mortality which commonly occurs in high\u2010risk populations. Pharynx and larynx of the upper respiratory tract mucosa is the first defense line against influenza virus infection. However, the ability of the pharynx and larynx organ to eliminate the influenza pathogen is still not clear under different host conditions. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. In this study, a mouse model of kidney yang deficiency syndrome (KYDS) was used to mimic high\u2010risk peoples. Two different methods of influenza A (H1N1) virus infection by nasal dropping or tracheal intubation were applied to these mice, which were divided into four groups: normal intubation (NI) group, normal nasal dropping (ND) group, model intubation (MI) group, and model nasal dropping (MD) group. The normal control (NC) group was used as a negative control. Body weight, rectal temperature, and survival rate were observed every day. Histopathologic changes, visceral index, gene expressions of H1N1, cytokine expressions, secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies of tracheal lavage fluids in the upper respiratory tract, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were analyzed by ELISA. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. The MD group had an earlier serious morbidity and mortality than the others. MI and NI groups became severe only in the 6<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> to 7<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day after infection. The index of the lung increased significantly in NI, MI, and MD groups. Conversely, indices of the thymus and spleen increased significantly in NC and ND groups. H&amp;E staining showed severe tissue lesions in MD, MI, and NI groups. H1N1 gene expressions were higher in the MD group compared with the MI group on the 3<jats:sup>rd<\/jats:sup> day; however, the MD group decreased significantly on the 7<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> day. IL\u20106 levels increased remarkably, and SIgA expressions decreased significantly in the MD group compared with the NC group. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. SIgA secretions are influenced directly by different conditions of the host in the pharynx and larynx in the upper respiratory tract mucosa. In the KYDS virus disease mode, SIgA expressions could be inhibited severely, which leads to serious morbidity and mortality after influenza A virus infection. The SIgA expressions of the pharynx and larynx would be an important target in high\u2010risk populations against the influenza A virus for vaccine or antiviral drugs research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9316763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]],"date-time":"2020-03-29T23:30:41Z","timestamp":1585524641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Secretory IgA in Mucosa of Pharynx and Larynx Plays an Important Role against Influenza A Virus Infection in Kidney Yang Deficiency Syndrome Model"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Shaozhe","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longchan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qingtao","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6261-9202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3298-1440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prevention and control of influenza. 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