{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T18:29:58Z","timestamp":1781116198146,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":167,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":303,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Immunology Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Cancer cells escape immune recognition by exploiting the programmed cell\u2010death protein 1 (PD\u20101)\/programmed cell\u2010death 1 ligand 1 (PD\u2010L1) immune checkpoint axis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors that target PD\u20101\/PD\u2010L1 unleash the properties of effector T cells that are licensed to kill cancer cells. Immune checkpoint blockade has dramatically changed the treatment landscape of many cancers. Following the cancer paradigm, preliminary results of clinical trials in lymphoma have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors induce remarkable responses in specific subtypes, most notably classical Hodgkin lymphoma and primary mediastinal B\u2010cell lymphoma, while in other subtypes, the results vary considerably, from promising to disappointing. Lymphomas that respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors tend to exhibit tumor cells that reside in a T\u2010cell\u2010rich immune microenvironment and display constitutive transcriptional upregulation of genes that facilitate innate immune resistance, such as structural variations of the PD\u2010L1 locus, collectively referred to as T\u2010cell\u2010inflamed lymphomas, while those lacking such characteristics are referred to as noninflamed lymphomas. This distinction is not necessarily a\n                    <jats:italic>sine qua non<\/jats:italic>\n                    of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors, but rather a framework to move the field forward with a more rational approach. In this article, we provide insights on our current understanding of the biological mechanisms of immune checkpoint evasion in specific subtypes of B\u2010cell and T\u2010cell non\u2010Hodgkin lymphomas and summarize the clinical experience of using inhibitors that target immune checkpoints in these subtypes. We also discuss the phenomenon of hyperprogression in T\u2010cell lymphomas, related to the use of such inhibitors when T cells themselves are the target cells, and consider future approaches to refine clinical trials with immune checkpoint inhibitors in non\u2010Hodgkin lymphomas.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9350272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T14:35:06Z","timestamp":1604068506000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Current Clinical Applications and Future Perspectives of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non\u2010Hodgkin 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