{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T16:28:24Z","timestamp":1784651304229,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581984000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Mettu University","award":["GSR\/2597\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSR\/2597\/09"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007941","name":"Addis Ababa University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GSR\/2597\/09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GSR\/2597\/09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007941","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Malaria is among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Moreover, the emergence of resistance to antimalarial drugs is a major problem in controlling the disease. This makes the development of novel antimalarial drugs a necessity. Medicinal plants are important sources in discovering antimalarial drugs. <jats:italic>Schinus molle<\/jats:italic> is claimed for its antimalarial effect in Ethiopian folkloric medicine and endowed with <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> antiplasmodial activity. In the present study, the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antimalarial activity of the plant was investigated. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. Acute toxicity was carried out using a standard procedure. To screen the <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antimalarial potential of the <jats:italic>S. molle<\/jats:italic> against <jats:italic>Plasmodium berghei<\/jats:italic> (ANKA), a 4-day suppressive test was employed. The extracts and fractions were given to infected mice by oral gavage at 100, 200, and 400\u2009mg\/kg\/day for four consecutive days. Parameters such as parasitemia were then evaluated. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Any sign of toxicity was not observed in the oral acute toxicity test. The crude extracts and solvent fractions exerted a significant (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05<\/mml:mn><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math>) inhibition of parasite load compared to the negative control. The highest inhibition (66.91%) was exhibited by the 400\u2009mg\/kg\/day dose of 80% methanolic crude extract. Among the fractions, chloroform fraction demonstrated maximal chemosuppressive effect (55.60%). Moreover, crude extracts and solvent fractions prevented body weight loss, reduction in temperature, and anemia compared to the negative control. Except the aqueous fraction, the tested plant extracts were able to significantly prolong the survival time of infected mice. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The findings of the present study confirmed the safety and a promising <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> antimalarial activity of <jats:italic>S. molle<\/jats:italic>, thus supporting the traditional claim and <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> efficacy. In-depth investigations on the plant, however, are highly recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9473250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T18:32:04Z","timestamp":1582050724000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Antimalarial Activity of Aqueous and 80% Methanol Crude Seed Extracts and Solvent Fractions of <i>Schinus molle<\/i> Linnaeus (<i>Anacardiaceae<\/i>) in <i>Plasmodium berghei<\/i>-Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-5719","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Getu","family":"Habte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mettu University, P.O. Box 318, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4567-7042","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Teshome","family":"Nedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1538-9322","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Solomon","family":"Assefa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/825370"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5829\/idosi.apg.2016.7.1.10273"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1413-8670(10)70062-3"},{"key":"5","first-page":"67","volume":"10","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology Asia"},{"key":"6","year":"2018"},{"key":"7","year":"2017"},{"key":"8","year":"2014"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-015-0054-0"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(04)01043-6"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/japs.2016.60324"},{"key":"12","year":"2015"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.16-0234"},{"key":"14","year":"2017"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0031-9422(00)97526-5"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.329.7475.1156"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-017-1953-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.10.011","volume":"110","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"issue":"11","key":"19","first-page":"1","volume":"5","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.3108"},{"key":"21","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1277-8","volume":"16","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Complementary Alternative Medicine"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-14-79"},{"key":"24","year":"2008"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhd.v24i1.62941"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1975.11686997","volume":"69","year":"1975","journal-title":"Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9217835"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0976-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"29","first-page":"2","volume":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1416"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/mejs.v4i1.74056"},{"issue":"3","key":"32","first-page":"279","volume":"44","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ethiopian Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"33","first-page":"98","volume":"1","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"34","first-page":"10","volume":"3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-016-1529-7"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2015.1070880"},{"issue":"5","key":"37","first-page":"93","volume":"8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"issue":"12","key":"38","first-page":"389","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0378-8741(99)00148-8"}],"container-title":["Journal of Tropical Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2020\/9473250.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2020\/9473250.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2020\/9473250.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]],"date-time":"2020-02-18T18:32:12Z","timestamp":1582050732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jtm\/2020\/9473250\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["9473250","9473250"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9473250","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9686","1687-9694"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9686","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-9694","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,18]]}}}