{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T15:20:00Z","timestamp":1790522400491,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this study was to detect oral bacteremia and offer the antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial resistance pattern was evaluated in 50 patients. A spectrophotometer device equipped with UV and electrophoresis of the extracted samples on agarose gel for antibiogram test were used. PCR test 15 minutes after tooth extraction showed that bacterial strains were extracted from 16 patients. <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis)<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius)<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S. mutans)<\/jats:italic> were extracted from 5, 4, 4, 4, and 6 patients. 100% of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. sanguinis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. salivarius<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> were sensitive to tigecycline. Most of the <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> antibiotic resistance was against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>S. salivarius<\/jats:italic> was observed in 75% of the cases against piperacillin\u2010tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime, while in <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> was 84% of the cases against ceftriaxone. The results of the current study showed that tooth extraction causes bacteremia before, during, and after tooth extraction. Generally, the highest antibiotic resistance occurred against tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin\u2010sulbactam. In most cases, the bacteria showed partial resistance to these antibiotics; however, tigecycline showed 100% efficacy on all types of bacteria. <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic> strains (<jats:italic>salivarius<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>mutans<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>sanguinis<\/jats:italic>) were sensitive to most of the antibiotics while antibiotic sensitivity was less evident in <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>. Antibiotic resistance has become a critical issue, since it leads to treatment failure when there is a need for antibiotic therapy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9502959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T20:35:08Z","timestamp":1601930108000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Dental Bacteremia Detected by Multiplex PCR Technique"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Fahimeh","family":"Rezazadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azita","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khorami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6253-7629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzan","family":"Modaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Rezaie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-644-3_47"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440050059007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.8.492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2008.05449.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1988.00380050088015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.2.359-362.1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00741.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01717.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-8532(22)00209-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17221\/110\/2012-CJFS"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of growth Streptococcus mutans isolated from saliva and dental caries","volume":"3","author":"El Sherbiny G. 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