{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:25:18Z","timestamp":1762431918453,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]],"date-time":"2020-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1602892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":290,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Purpose<\/jats:italic>. The MRI features of epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) were analyzed. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), MR perfusion\u2010weighted imaging (PWI), and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings were quantitatively analyzed.<jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. The MRI images of 8 cases of eGBM were analyzed retrospectively. The location and edge, signal, peritumoral edema, adjacent meningeal invasion, and enhancement of the lesions were observed. The ADC value, relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV), relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF), and N\u2010acetylaspartate\/acetylcholine (NAA\/Cho) value were analyzed.<jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Among the 8 patients, the tumors were mainly located in the temporal lobe (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3), frontal lobe (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 3), and parietal lobe (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 2). The lesion boundary was clear in 6 cases and unclear in 2. The lesions were superficial in 5 cases and in the deep white matter in 3. Internal hemorrhage was observed in 4 cases. There was cystic necrosis in 7 cases, and only 1 case was solid without cystic necrosis. There was no edema around the lesion in 1 case, severe edema in 5, and moderate edema in 2. In 4 cases, the adjacent meninges were involved, and in 1 case, the ependyma was involved. Two patients developed leptomeningeal metastasis within 2 months after the operation. The average ADC value of the tumor parenchyma among all 8 patients was7.15 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>\u2009mm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\/s,which was 17.6% lower than that of the contralateral side. The Cho\/NAA metabolite ratio was 5.27 and 0.81 in the lesions of 2 patients. The rCBV was 3.51\u2009ml\/100\u2009g and 3.32\u2009ml\/100\u2009g of lesions in 2 patients; these values were 36% and 29% higher, respectively, than those of the contralateral side. The rCBF was 31.5\u2009ml\/100\u2009g\/min and 82.1\u2009ml\/100\u2009g\/min of lesions in two patients; these values were 49% and 203% higher, respectively, than those of the contralateral side.<jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. eGBM characteristics include a superficial location, easy cyst degeneration, easy necrosis and hemorrhage, and clear boundaries. It easily invades adjacent meninges and shows cerebrospinal fluid dissemination and metastasis. Combining new MR techniques, such as ADC values, PWI, and MRS, could be helpful for improving diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9586806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,18]],"date-time":"2020-10-18T00:05:13Z","timestamp":1602979513000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Multimodal MR Features of 8 Cases of Epithelioid Glioblastoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Ji-ping","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9675-9756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-xiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jia-chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hua-wei","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong-feng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue-jun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1545-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Update on the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system\u2014part 1: diffusely infiltrating gliomas","volume":"53","author":"\u0160vajdler M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ceskoslovensk\u00e1 Patologie"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","first-page":"1136","article-title":"Analysis of five cases of epithelioid glioblastomaa on MRI and literature review","volume":"38","author":"Chen S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Radiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-014-0192-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1130-1473(09)70133-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.12.128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10014-015-0239-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/neup.12479"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAP.0000000000000170"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2018.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2152-7806.153643"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.5.2571"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","first-page":"64","article-title":"Clinicopathological features for epithelioid glioblastoma: a newly defined tumor by the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System","volume":"43","author":"Li J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Central South University (Medical Science)"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2413051276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.22070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A4018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2015.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","first-page":"726","article-title":"Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma: imaging findings and pathology correlation","volume":"27","author":"Zhao Y. 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