{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:37:24Z","timestamp":1792809444292,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583884800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The standard treatment of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy can result in long-term complications which lower the patient\u2019s quality of life, such as eating disorders, speech problems, and disfiguring or otherwise untoward cosmetic issues. Antibody therapy against cancer-specific antigens is advantageous in terms of its lesser side effects achieved by its greater specificity, though the antitumor activity is still usually not enough to obtain a complete cure. Robo1, an axon guidance receptor, has received considerable attention as a possible drug target in various cancers. We have shown previously the enhanced cytotoxic effects of saporin-conjugated anti-Robo1 immunotoxin (IT-Robo1) on the HNSCC cell line HSQ-89 in combination with a photochemical internalization technique. Considering the light source, which has only limited tissue penetrance, we examined the drug internalization effect of saponin. Treatment with saponin facilitated significant cytotoxic effects of IT-Robo1 on HSQ-89 cells. Saponin exerts its own nonspecific cytotoxicity, which may cover the actual extent of the internalization effect. We thus examined whether a flashed treatment with saponin exerted a significant specific cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. The combination of an immunotoxin with saponin also exhibited a significant tumor-suppressive effect on mice HSQ-19 xenografts. These results suggest the utility of saponin treatment as an enhancer of immunotoxin treatment in cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9593516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]],"date-time":"2020-03-11T19:31:55Z","timestamp":1583955115000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Saponin Facilitates Anti-Robo1 Immunotoxin Cytotoxic Effects on Maxillary Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"given":"Noriko","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Protein-protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Kosugi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8533, 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