{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T17:26:36Z","timestamp":1773422796954,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1593820800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81703445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31970875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0900804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0900804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81703445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703445"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31970875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970875"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFA0900804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0900804"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["81703445"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81703445"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["31970875"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31970875"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Project of China","award":["2018YFA0900804"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFA0900804"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The encapsulated bacteria, as <jats:italic>Streptococcus pneumonia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic> type b, and <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic>, cause serious morbidity and mortality worldwide. The capsular polysaccharide (PS), which could elicit a weak T cell-independent immune response, is a vital virulence determinant. One of the strategies to improve the PS-specific immunogenicity is to conjugate PS with a nontoxic carrier protein. Tetanus toxoid (TT) and CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub> are the typical carrier proteins for the PS conjugate vaccines. TT is the inactivated tetanus toxin manipulated with formaldehyde, which suffers from the pollution from residual formaldehyde and the incomplete detoxification. CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub> has the disadvantage of low-yield purification with the requirement of sophisticated culture conditions. Thus, a novel carrier protein without these disadvantages is highly required. The tetanus toxin native C-fragment (Hc) is safe, low-cost, and highly immunogenic with easy purification, which can act as a promising carrier protein. Pneumococcal serogroups 14 and 23F were major epidemic causes of pneumococcal infections. In the present study, the capsular PSs (PS14 and PS23F) were conjugated with Hc, TT, and CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub>, respectively. TT- and CRM<jats:sub>197<\/jats:sub>-based conjugates acted as controls for Hc-based conjugates (PS14-Hc and PS23F-Hc). The structural properties of Hc were not fundamentally changed after conjugated with PS. PS14-Hc and PS23F-Hc could potentiate sound PS-specific antibody levels comparable to the controls. Thus, Hc exhibited a practical carrier effect to help the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines perform good immunogenicities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9596129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T23:32:16Z","timestamp":1593905536000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Pneumococcal Polysaccharide-Tetanus Toxin Native C-Fragment Conjugate Vaccine: The Carrier Effect and Immunogenicity"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6431-9737","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Rui","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6681-159X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5805-2469","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Vaccine and Antibody Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02674"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00803"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2016.07.003"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1568005014605964"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-1267-7_30"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5863\/1551-6776-21.1.27"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000004064"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2017.02.027"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.09.065"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.09.021"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-0691.2003.00530.x"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.26109"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161257"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.094"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa022823"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.04.053"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.078"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/12.10.4063"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.46.3.560-564.1983"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.09.001"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins8070194"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.05244-11"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184A","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199402000-00012","volume":"35","year":"1994","journal-title":"Pediatric Research"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.6.1271"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00138"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.01.047"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2535"},{"issue":"3","key":"28","first-page":"118","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","first-page":"387","volume":"19","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Biologicals"}],"container-title":["Mediators of Inflammation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2020\/9596129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2020\/9596129.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2020\/9596129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]],"date-time":"2020-07-04T23:32:20Z","timestamp":1593905540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/mi\/2020\/9596129\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["9596129","9596129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9596129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0962-9351","1466-1861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0962-9351","type":"print"},{"value":"1466-1861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,4]]}}}