{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T15:36:28Z","timestamp":1791041788938,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Helse Vest RHF"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007872","name":"Grieg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007872","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>. Percutaneous coronary intervention exposes patient and staff to ionizing radiation. Although staff only receive a small fraction of patient dose through scatter radiation, there are concerns about the potential health effects of repeated exposure. Minimizing both patient and occupational exposure is needed. <jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. This article investigates patient and operator X-ray exposure over time in coronary intervention in relation to upgraded X-ray equipment, improved shielding, and enhanced operator awareness. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. Data regarding irradiation time, patient dose, and patient characteristics were extracted from the Norwegian Registry for Invasive Cardiology (NORIC) for procedures performed from 2013 to mid-2019. Personal operator dosimetry records were provided by the Norwegian Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority. Improved operator shielding and awareness measures were introduced in 2018. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. In the period 2013 through June 2019, 21499 procedures were recorded in our institution. Mean dose area product (DAP) for coronary angiography decreased 37% from 2981\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>Gy\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in 2013 to 1891\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>Gy\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> in 2019 (<mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi><mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn><\/mml:math>). For coronary intervention, DAP decreased 39% from 8358\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>Gy\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 5055\u2009<jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>Gy\u00b7m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Personal dosimetry data indicate a 70% reduction in operator dose per procedure in 2019 compared to 2013. The most pronounced reduction occurred after improved radiation protection measures were implemented in 2018 (\u221248%). <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. This study shows a temporal trend towards considerable reduction in X-ray doses received by the patient and operator during cardiac catheterization. Upgraded X-ray equipment, improved shielding, and enhanced operator awareness are likely contributors to this development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9602942","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T23:34:42Z","timestamp":1599003282000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Temporal Trends in X-Ray Exposure during Coronary Angiography and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-6985","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Cedric","family":"Davidsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsten","family":"Bolstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology and Medical Physics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellisif","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kjell","family":"Vikenes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svein","family":"Rotevatn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vegard","family":"Tuseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.21326"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/rr14492.1"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41021-018-0114-3"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1559325818811537"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circinterventions.115.003273"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.27114"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.12.060"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/rr2207.1"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2008.08.009"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"10","first-page":"1","volume":"37","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annals of the ICRP"},{"key":"11","year":"2008"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.07.011"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2426404"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rpd\/ncn021"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.25777"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circinterventions.117.006058"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.16.0224"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.06.057"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.20201"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.117.032808"}],"container-title":["Journal of Interventional Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jitc\/2020\/9602942.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jitc\/2020\/9602942.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jitc\/2020\/9602942.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T23:34:52Z","timestamp":1599003292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jitc\/2020\/9602942\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]},"references-count":20,"alternative-id":["9602942","9602942"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/9602942","relation":{},"ISSN":["0896-4327","1540-8183"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0896-4327","type":"print"},{"value":"1540-8183","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]]}}}