{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:47:54Z","timestamp":1787507274427,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589414400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Applied Bionics and Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Concussions represent an increasing economic burden to society. Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are of the leading causes for sustaining a concussion, potentially due to high head accelerations. The change in velocity (i.e., delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ) of a vehicle in a MVC is an established metric for impact severity. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to analyze findings from previous research to determine the relation between delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and linear head acceleration, including occupant parameters. Data was collected from previous research papers comprising both linear head acceleration and delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    at the time of incident, head position of the occupant, awareness of the occupant prior to impact, as well as gender, age, height, and weight. Statistical analysis revealed the following significant power relation between delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and head acceleration:\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                      <mml:mtext>head<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mtext>\u2009<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mtext>acceleration<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.465<\/mml:mn>\n                      <mml:mtext>delta<\/mml:mtext>\n                      <mml:mo>\u2010<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:msup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>1.3231<\/mml:mn>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:msup>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                      <mml:msup>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mi>R<\/mml:mi>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                        <mml:mrow>\n                          <mml:mn>2<\/mml:mn>\n                        <\/mml:mrow>\n                      <\/mml:msup>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.5913<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ,\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>&lt;<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    ). Further analysis revealed that alongside delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    , the occupant\u2019s gender and head position prior to impact were significant predictors of head acceleration (\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.022<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                      <mml:mi>p<\/mml:mi>\n                      <mml:mo>=<\/mml:mo>\n                      <mml:mn>0.001<\/mml:mn>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    , respectively). The strongest model developed in this paper is considered physiologically implausible as the delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    corresponding to a theoretical concussion threshold of 80 g exceeds the delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    associated with probability of fatality. Future research should be aimed at providing a more thorough data set of the occupant head kinematics in MVCs to help develop a stronger predictive model for the relation between delta-\n                    <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                      <mml:mi>V<\/mml:mi>\n                    <\/mml:math>\n                    and head linear and angular acceleration.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9679372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T20:40:29Z","timestamp":1589488829000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Proposed Algorithm to Assess Concussion Potential in Rear-End Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2020","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4914-1731","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Manon","family":"Limousis-Gayda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biomechanics Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rami","family":"Hashish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Biomechanics Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90403, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6609a1"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CEOR.S44625"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.7.1253"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2011.08.009"},{"key":"5","year":"2007"},{"issue":"4","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8619(18)30182-8","volume":"10","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurologic 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