{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T16:41:27Z","timestamp":1774629687321,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":268,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51804244"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51804244"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41027002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41027002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Real\u2010time monitoring of settlement and deformation within a coal mine\u2019s deep quaternary unconsolidated strata presents challenges with installation and signal analysis. This paper presents results from successfully installing a field\u2010scale fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing system in a deep borehole for the purpose of achieving real\u2010time monitoring of the settlement and deformation in a deep unconsolidated stratum. A 152\u2009m deep by 133\u2009mm diameter borehole was used to embed an array of 24 FBG sensors in 12 layers of gravel and clay from between 92.4\u2009m and 148.7\u2009m of unconsolidated quaternary strata. A wavelength bandwidth of \u00b14.5\u2009nm was used with a wavelength division multiplexing and spatial division multiplexing technique to compose a 4\u2010by\u20106 sensor array. During the four stages of installation, the real\u2010time transmission characteristics and the changes in the FBG wavelength for this sensing system were evaluated. While the FBG sensing system was stable after installation, it was clearly shown that the engineering techniques associated with both positioning and grouting influenced the mechanical properties and transmission characteristics of the system. After installation, the sensor survival rate was found to be 78.26% with a maximum FBG wavelength shift of 1.447\u2009nm. This field\u2010scale installation has provided information and experience that will improve future installations of buried fiber optic sensing technology throughout the underground coal mine industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1207374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T19:43:01Z","timestamp":1632685381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Wavelength Characteristic Analysis of a FBG Array Embedded in Quaternary Unconsolidated Strata during a Deep Borehole Installation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5197-7706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dingding","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanyan","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wengang","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3011414"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","article-title":"Fiber Bragg grating sensors toward structural health monitoring in composite materials: challenges and solutions","volume":"14","author":"Kinet D.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shock and Vibration"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace7090138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20154223"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yofte.2017.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3788\/AOS201131.0806009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-019-4564-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"3289","article-title":"Strain transfer function of embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors for unconsolidated layer settlement deformation detector and its application","volume":"34","author":"Zhang D. 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