{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T14:16:13Z","timestamp":1766067373228,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628467200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":220,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objective<\/jats:italic>. The aim of this study is to clarify the postsurgical stability of temporomandibular joints in skeletal class III patients treated with 2\u2010jaw orthognathic surgery which was performed utilizing computer\u2010aided three\u2010dimensional simulation and navigation in orthognathic surgery (CASNOS) protocol. <jats:italic>Materials and Methods<\/jats:italic>. 23 consecutive nongrowing skeletal class III patients with mandibular prognathism associated with maxillary retrognathism treated with 2\u2010jaw orthognathic surgery between 2018 and 2019 were enrolled in this study. The surgery was planned according to the standardized protocol of CASNOS (computer\u2010aided three\u2010dimensional simulation and navigation in orthognathic surgery). Computed tomography (CT) scans were performed in all patients 3 weeks presurgically and 6 months postsurgically. ITKSNAP and 3D Slicer software were used to reconstruct three\u2010dimensional facial skeletal images, to carry out image segmentation, and to superimpose and quantify the TMJ position changes before and after surgery. Amount of displacement of the most medial and lateral points of the condyles and the change of intercondylar angles were measured to evaluate the postsurgical stability of TMJ. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. A total amount of 23 skeletal class III patients (female : male = 12 : 11) with age ranged from 20.3 to 33.5 years (mean: 24.39 \u00b1 4.8\u2009years\u2009old) underwent Le Fort I maxillary advancement and BSSO setback of the mandible. The surgical outcome revealed the satisfactory correction of their skeletal deformities. The mean displacement of the right most lateral condylar point (RL\u2010RL\u2009<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>) was 1.04 \u00b1 0.42\u2009mm and the mean displacement of the left most lateral condylar point (LL\u2010LL\u2009<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>) was 1.19 \u00b1 0.41\u2009mm. The mean displacement of the right most medial condylar point (RM\u2010RM\u2009<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>) was 1.03 \u00b1 0.39\u2009mm and the left most medial condylar point (LM\u2010LM\u2009<jats:sup>\u2032<\/jats:sup>) was 0.96 \u00b1 0.39\u2009mm. The mean intercondylar angle was 161.61 \u00b1 5.08<jats:sup>\u00b0<\/jats:sup> presurgically and 159.28 \u00b1 4.92<jats:sup>\u00b0<\/jats:sup> postsurgically. <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>. The postsurgical position of TM joint condyles in our study only presented a mild change with all the landmark displacement within a range of 1.2\u2009mm. This indicates the bimaxillary orthognathic surgery via 3D CASNOS protocol can achieve a desired and stable result of TMJ position in treating skeletal class III adult patients with retrognathic maxilla and prognathic mandible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1563551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,9]],"date-time":"2021-08-09T19:20:13Z","timestamp":1628536813000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Postsurgical Stability of Temporomandibular Joint of Skeletal Class III Patients Treated with 2\u2010Jaw Orthognathic Surgery via Computer\u2010Aided Three\u2010Dimensional Simulation and Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery 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