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In trogocytosis, one cell seems to take little \u201cbites\u201d from another cell resulting in multiple outcomes from these cell\u2010cell interactions. Trogocytosis was first described in protozoan parasites, which by taking pieces of host cells, kill them and cause tissue damage. Now, it is known that this process is also performed by cells of the immune system with important consequences such as cell communication and activation, elimination of microbial pathogens, and even control of cancer cells. More recently, trogocytosis has also been reported to occur in cells of the central nervous system and in various cells during development. Some of the molecules involved in phagocytosis also participate in trogocytosis. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate trogocytosis are still a mystery. Elucidating these mechanisms is becoming a research area of much interest. For example, why neutrophils can engage trogocytosis to kill <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> parasites, but neutrophils use phagocytosis to eliminate already death parasites? Thus, trogocytosis is a significant process in normal physiology that multiple cells from different organisms use in various scenarios of health and disease. In this review, we present the basic principles known on the process of trogocytosis and discuss the importance in this process to host\u2010pathogen interactions and to normal functions in the immune and nervous systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1601565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T09:03:42Z","timestamp":1632474222000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The Multiple Roles of Trogocytosis in Immunity, the Nervous System, and Development"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3502-7831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eileen","family":"Uribe-Querol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2568-5723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Rosales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912252116"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni0903-815"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01066"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity","author":"Uribe-Querol E.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35078099"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.166.6.3645"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156262"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0406240101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.1.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb3439"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-12-3-363"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-4827(85)80006-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13242"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5441.952"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09863"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00930-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2003885"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.082"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10625"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.45252"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00068-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-03566-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01187-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiz671"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00038.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.922"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110584108"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301039"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0014498"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1615973114"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","first-page":"799","article-title":"Transfer of antigenic macromolecules from macrophages to lymphocytes. 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