{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T06:24:22Z","timestamp":1761719062378,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61722212","62002297"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61722212","62002297"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) in plants are crucial for understanding biological processes. Although high-throughput techniques produced valuable information to identify PPIs in plants, they are usually expensive, inefficient, and extremely time-consuming. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop novel computational methods to predict PPIs in plants. In this article, we proposed a novel approach to predict PPIs in plants only using the information of protein sequences. Specifically, plants\u2019 protein sequences are first converted as position-specific scoring matrix (PSSM); then, the fast Walsh\u2013Hadamard transform (FWHT) algorithm is used to extract feature vectors from PSSM to obtain evolutionary information of plant proteins. Lastly, the rotation forest (RF) classifier is trained for prediction and produced a series of evaluation results. In this work, we named this approach FWHT-RF because FWHT and RF are used for feature extraction and classification, respectively. When applying FWHT-RF on three plants\u2019 PPI datasets Maize, Rice, and Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), the average accuracies of FWHT-RF using 5-fold cross validation were achieved as high as 95.20%, 94.42%, and 83.85%, respectively. To further evaluate the predictive power of FWHT-RF, we compared it with the state-of-art support vector machine (SVM) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier in different aspects. The experimental results demonstrated that FWHT-RF can be a useful supplementary method to predict potential PPIs in plants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1607946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T23:35:55Z","timestamp":1626996955000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["FWHT-RF: A Novel Computational Approach to Predict Plant Protein-Protein Interactions via an Ensemble Learning Method"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4993-298X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jie","family":"Pan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7785-929X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Li-Ping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4712-8784","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chang-Qing","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7373-7922","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhu-Hong","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1614-8988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhong-Hao","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2337-6217","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jing-Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information Engineering, Xijing University, Xi\u2019an 710123, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/90831"},{"issue":"9","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.14.9.1027","article-title":"Protein-protein interactions define specificity in signal transduction","volume":"14","author":"T. 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