{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:23:32Z","timestamp":1773833012683,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634515200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007300","name":"China Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180550523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180550523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007300","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005047","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20180550523"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20180550523"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Aim. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) has a varied clinical course that requires accurate prediction as a prerequisite for treatment administration. Currently, its prognosis relies on proteinuria, a clinical parameter whose onset lags behind kidney injury. Increased urinary excretion of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and nephrin has been reported in a number of IMN-like glomerular diseases in which they reflected disease severity. However, little or nothing is known of the importance of these biomarkers in IMN, a major cause of adult nephrotic syndrome. To highlight their potential, we measured both biomarkers and assessed their relationships with key parameters of renal function in IMN. Methods. We quantified urinary MMP-9 and nephrin in 107 biopsy-proven IMN patients and 70 healthy subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We then compared biomarker levels between patients and healthy subjects and among patients with different clinical features. We also determined the relationship of each biomarker with proteinuria and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Results. Urinary MMP-9 and nephrin were significantly higher in IMN compared to healthy controls. Unlike nephrin, MMP-9 correlated significantly with proteinuria and was significantly higher among patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. Both biomarkers were correlated with eGFR, but only MMP-9 was significantly higher in patients with eGFR less than 90\u2009ml\/min\/1.73\u2009m2. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that urinary MMP-9 holds a greater potential than urinary nephrin in monitoring the severity of IMN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1620545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T10:03:53Z","timestamp":1634637833000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Urinary Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Nephrin in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4282-7271","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Akankwasa","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"An","family":"Changjuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Guixue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liu","family":"Jianhua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7171-6298","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qin","family":"Xiaosong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110004, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12542"},{"key":"2","article-title":"Epidemiology of glomerular disease in southern Arizona: review of 10-year renal biopsy data","volume":"95, article 0000000000003633","author":"S. 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Hladunewich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3109\/1354750X.2015.1061598","article-title":"Urine survivin, E-cadherin and matrix metalloproteinases as novel biomarkers in children with chronic kidney disease","volume":"20","author":"K. Musial","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomarkers"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1797.2010.01360.x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370214548995","article-title":"Detection of urinary podocytes and nephrin as markers for children with glomerular diseases","volume":"240","author":"P. Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Experimental Biology and Medicine"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1535370216651937"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009964","article-title":"Urinary metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases as potential early biomarkers for renal fibrosis in children with nephrotic syndrome","volume":"97","author":"B. Bienias","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00267.2011","article-title":"Urinary matrix metalloproteinase activities: biomarkers for plaque angiogenesis and nephropathy in diabetes","volume":"301","author":"I. B. McKittrick","year":"2011","journal-title":"American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology"},{"key":"14","first-page":"85","article-title":"Structural characterization of the mesangial cell type IV collagenase and enhanced expression in a model of immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis","volume":"141","author":"D. H. Lovett","year":"1992","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1989.264","article-title":"Human mesangial cells secrete a GBM-degrading neutral proteinase and a specific inhibitor","volume":"36","author":"J. Martin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198013"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V134946","article-title":"Nephrin dissociates from actin, and its expression is reduced in early experimental membranous nephropathy","volume":"13","author":"H. 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Janmaat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical epidemiology"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00470111","article-title":"GFR decline and mortality risk among patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"6","author":"R. M. Perkins","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20150517","article-title":"Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in chronic kidney disease: a new biomarker of resistant albuminuria","volume":"130","author":"H. Pulido-Olmo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clinical Science"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.7.1189","article-title":"Glomerular distribution and gelatinolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases in human glomerulonephritis","volume":"17","author":"M. 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Garg","year":"2018","journal-title":"American Journal of Nephrology"},{"key":"26","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression is enhanced in renal parietal epithelial cells of zucker diabetic fatty rats and is induced by albumin in invitro primary parietal cell culture","volume":"10, article e0123276","author":"Y. Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.67","article-title":"Matrix metalloproteinase-9 deficiency attenuates diabetic nephropathy by modulation of podocyte functions and dedifferentiation","volume":"86","author":"S. Y. Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney International"}],"container-title":["Disease Markers"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2021\/1620545.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2021\/1620545.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2021\/1620545.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,19]],"date-time":"2021-10-19T10:04:24Z","timestamp":1634637864000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/dm\/2021\/1620545\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Paulina","family":"Dumnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["1620545","1620545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/1620545","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-8630","0278-0240"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1875-8630","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0278-0240","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]}}}