{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T13:47:07Z","timestamp":1783000027286,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]],"date-time":"2021-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638144000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital","award":["RD-2020-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD-2020-009"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purposes. This research explores the game-based intelligent test (GBIT), predicts the possibilities of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores and the risk of cognitive impairment, and then verifies GBIT as one of the reliable and valid cognitive assessment tools. Methods. This study recruited 117 elderly subjects in Taiwan (average age is<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mn>79.92<\/a:mn><a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo><a:mn>8.68<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, average height is<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mn>156.91<\/c:mn><c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo><c:mn>8.01<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, average weight is<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mn>59.14<\/e:mn><e:mo>\u00b1<\/e:mo><e:mn>9.67<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, and average MMSE score is<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mn>23.33<\/g:mn><g:mo>\u00b1<\/g:mo><g:mn>6.16<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). A multiple regression model was used to analyze the GBIT parameters of the elderly\u2019s reaction, attention, coordination, and memory to predict their MMSE performance. The binary logistic regression was then utilized to predict their risk of cognitive impairment. The statistical significance level was set as<jats:inline-formula><i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><i:mi>\u03b1<\/i:mi><i:mo>=<\/i:mo><i:mn>0.05<\/i:mn><\/i:math><\/jats:inline-formula>. Results. Multiple regression analysis showed that gender, the correct number of reactions, and the correct number of memory have a significantly positive predictive power on MMSE of the elderly (<jats:inline-formula><k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><k:mi>F<\/k:mi><k:mo>=<\/k:mo><k:mn>37.60<\/k:mn><\/k:math><\/jats:inline-formula>,<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><m:msup><m:mrow><m:mi>R<\/m:mi><\/m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>2<\/m:mn><\/m:mrow><\/m:msup><m:mo>=<\/m:mo><m:mn>0.69<\/m:mn><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, and<jats:inline-formula><o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><o:mi>p<\/o:mi><o:mo>&lt;<\/o:mo><o:mn>0.05<\/o:mn><\/o:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Binary logistic regression analysis noted that the correct average number of reactions falls by one question, and the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 1.09 times (<jats:inline-formula><q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><q:mi>p<\/q:mi><q:mo>&lt;<\/q:mo><q:mn>0.05<\/q:mn><\/q:math><\/jats:inline-formula>); the correct average number of memory drops by one question, the ratio of cognitive dysfunction risk increases 3.76 times (<jats:inline-formula><s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\"><s:mi>p<\/s:mi><s:mo>&lt;<\/s:mo><s:mn>0.05<\/s:mn><\/s:math><\/jats:inline-formula>), and the overall model predictive power is 88.20% (sensitivity: 84.00%; specificity: 92.30%). Conclusions. This study verifies that GBIT is reliable and can effectively predict the cognitive function and risk of cognitive impairment in the elderly. Therefore, GBIT can be used as one of the feasible tools for evaluating older people\u2019s cognitive function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1698406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T19:09:46Z","timestamp":1638299386000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Game-Based Intelligent Test for Detecting Elderly Cognitive Function Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7497-7805","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7133-3257","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Tso-Yen","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6265-5155","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chun-Feng","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Leisure Services Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"Alzheimer\u2019s Disease International. 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