{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T08:50:37Z","timestamp":1784623837653,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Environmental and Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Noise is one of the most common worldwide environmental pollutants, especially in occupational fields. As a stressor, it affects not only the ear but also the entire body. Its physiological and psychological impacts have been well established in many conditions such as cardiovascular diseases. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding diabetes risk related to noises. Aim. To evaluate the relationship between occupational exposure to noise and the risk of developing diabetes. Methods. This is a cross-sectional analytical study enrolling two groups of 151 workers each. The first group (noise exposed group: EG) included the employees of a Tunisian power plant, who worked during the day shift and had a permanent position. The second group (unexposed to noise group: NEG) included workers assigned to two academic institutions, who were randomly selected in the Occupational Medicine Department of the Farhat Hached University Hospital in Sousse, during periodical fitness to work visits. Both populations (exposed and unexposed) were matched by age and gender. Data collection was based on a preestablished questionnaire, a physical examination, a biological assessment, and a sonometric study. Results. The mean equivalent continuous sound level was 89\u2009dB for the EG and 44.6\u2009dB for the NEG. Diabetes was diagnosed in 24 workers from EG (15.9%) and 14 workers from NEG (9.3%), with no statistically significant difference (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>p<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.08<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). After multiple binary logistic regression, including variables of interest, noise did not appear to be associated with diabetes. Conclusion. Our results did not reveal a higher risk of developing diabetes in workers exposed to noise. Further studies assessing both level and duration of noise exposure are needed before any definitive conclusion.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1804616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T22:05:09Z","timestamp":1616277909000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Occupational Noise Exposure and Diabetes Risk"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0677-9484","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Imene","family":"Kacem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kahloul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Maoua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Hafsia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Sahloul Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Brahem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Limam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Research Laboratory \u201cLR12ES03\u201d, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Ghardallou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Research Laboratory \u201cLR12ES03\u201d, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Brahem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Research Laboratory \u201cLR12ES03\u201d, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Aroui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"El Maalel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.","family":"Kalboussi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Naija","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Sahloul Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Research Laboratory \u201cLR12ES03\u201d, Sousse 4002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Mrizek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Sousse, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia"},{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Farhat Hached Academic Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.admp.2016.04.002"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale du Diab\u00e8te","author":"F\u00e9d\u00e9ration internationale du Diab\u00e9te"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diaclin.30.1.25"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-5491.2000.00309.x"},{"key":"5","article-title":"La Pr\u00e9vention des Risques Li\u00e9s \u00e1 l\u2019Exposition au Bruit en Milieu Professionnel","volume-title":"Plan National de la Pr\u00e9vention des Accidents de Travail et des Maladies Professionnelles Guide de Pr\u00e9vention N\u00b04","author":"N. Nouaigui","year":"2011"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hjh.0000000000001504"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx306"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-017-0904-0"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)61613-x"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx306"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2015.01.011"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205503"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1307115"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2018.05.011"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.153404"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.80148"},{"issue":"15","key":"17","first-page":"115","article-title":"Faut-il crier haro sur les gros?","volume":"121","author":"J. Alcouffe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Le Concours M\u00e9dical"},{"key":"18"},{"key":"19","volume-title":"Global Health Observatory Data Repository","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13075\/ijomeh.1896.00885"},{"key":"21","unstructured":"SongC.Occupational noise exposure and the risk of diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and dardiovascular disease2010Vancouver, CanadaUniversity of British ColumbiaThesis"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp1279"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyx020"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1463-1741.181996"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12480"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-017-4244-5"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(00)00422-6"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheh.2013.04.003"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1124"},{"issue":"18","key":"30","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stress hormones in the research on cardiovascular effects of noise","volume":"5","author":"W. Babisch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Noise and Health"},{"issue":"22","key":"31","first-page":"5","article-title":"Health effects caused by noise: evidence in the literature from the past 25 years","volume":"6","author":"H. Ising","year":"2004","journal-title":"Noise and Health"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.8141291"},{"key":"33","volume-title":"Human Physiology","author":"A. J. Vander","year":"1994"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0160-4120(01)00030-7"},{"issue":"7","key":"35","first-page":"7","article-title":"Acute and chronic endocrine effects of noise: review of the research conducted at the institute for water, soil and air hygiene","volume":"2","author":"H. Ising","year":"2000","journal-title":"Noise & Health"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq466"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm.2008.118"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1367.008"},{"issue":"2","key":"39","first-page":"RA35","article-title":"Stress induced disturbances of the HPA axis: a pathway to type 2 diabetes?","volume":"9","author":"R. Rosmond","year":"2003","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2009.106"},{"key":"41","volume-title":"Burden of Disease from Environmental Noise: Quantification of Healthy Life Years Lost in Europe","author":"WHO","year":"2011"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(08)70013-3"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2008.02463.x"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.512"}],"container-title":["Journal of Environmental and Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2021\/1804616.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2021\/1804616.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2021\/1804616.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,20]],"date-time":"2021-03-20T22:05:21Z","timestamp":1616277921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/jeph\/2021\/1804616\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Haughton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["1804616","1804616"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/1804616","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-9813","1687-9805"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-9813","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-9805","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]}}}