{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T13:32:40Z","timestamp":1767965560389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622592000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) is a rare oculorenal inflammatory entity with a probable autoimmune etiology. Interstitial nephritis may be asymptomatic and usually has a benign course with spontaneous resolution. Uveitis, instead, is classically anterior, bilateral, and nongranulomatous, but it can be unilateral and presents as posterior uveitis or panuveitis, sometimes with a chronic or recurrent evolution. The frequent time lag of ocular and renal manifestations makes this diagnosis particularly challenging. The authors describe four cases of this rare entity, two with tubulointerstitial nephritis preceding ocular manifestations and the remaining, instead, with uveitis preceding renal involvement. The therapeutic approach included systemic corticosteroids in all cases. The addition of immunosuppressive therapy was required in three patients to achieve uveitis control. TINU is probably an underrecognized entity and should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of a chronic or recurrent idiopathic uveitis, especially in young patients who may have mild and asymptomatic renal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1812271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T22:49:10Z","timestamp":1622674150000},"page":"1-4","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis Syndrome: Case Series and Literature Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-3692","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Beatriz Oliveira","family":"Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0852-2837","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margarida Sena","family":"Br\u00edzido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-3287","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ana Cortes\u00e3o","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8068-717X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Raimundo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-5575","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margarida Maria","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6700-6368","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Susana Morais","family":"Pina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Beatriz \u00c2ngelo Hospital, Loures, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000421"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6257(01)00261-2"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(75)90390-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"4","first-page":"296","article-title":"Nefrite tubulointersticial e uve\u00edte em idade pedi\u00e1trica: descri\u00e7\u00e3o de tr\u00eas doentes","volume":"40","author":"P. 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