{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:19:22Z","timestamp":1740140362722,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612915200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009402","name":"Mekelle University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Debre Markos University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Introduction. Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich) Descoings ex wild &amp; Drummond (Vitaceae) has been used in traditional medicine for the management of various immunological and hematological disorders in different areas of Ethiopia and the rest of the world. In Ethiopia, the plant is used for the management of enlarged spleen, rabies virus, helminthic infection, snake bite, and various types of tumors. Objective. To evaluate the effect of hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule on cell-mediated immunity (delayed-type hypersensitivity), organ index (spleen and liver), and blood cell count in Swiss albino mice. Materials and Methods. Acute oral toxicity test was conducted using nulliparous and nonpregnant Swiss albino mice following OECD 425 limit test method. Delayed-type hypersensitivity model was used to evaluate the effect on cell-mediated immunity. The experimental animals were divided into twelve groups which were sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells on day 0 and day 7, respectively. Levamisole 50\u2009mg\/kg was used as stimulant control, whereas cyclophosphamide 30\u2009mg\/kg was used as suppressant control. Hydroethanolic root extract (100\u2009mg\/kg, 200\u2009mg\/kg, and 400\u2009mg\/kg), aqueous fraction (100\u2009mg\/kg, 200\u2009mg\/kg, and 400\u2009mg\/kg), and n-butanol fraction (100\u2009mg\/kg, 200\u2009mg\/kg, and 400\u2009mg\/kg) were administered for seven days. The paw volume was measured using a digital plethysmometer before challenge and 24 hours after challenge. Blood was collected, and organs (spleen and liver) were isolated from each challenged mouse to determine blood cell count and organ index, respectively. Results. No mortality and noticeable behavioral changes were observed among all mice receiving hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions at a dose of 2000\u2009mg\/kg. Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule showed enhancement of delayed-type hypersensitivity, organ index, and blood cell count. Hydroethanolic root extract at a dose of 400\u2009mg\/kg showed the highest and statistically significant stimulation of delayed-type hypersensitivity (0.123\u2009\u00b1\u20090.010) and blood cell count compared to the vehicle. Conclusion. Hydroethanolic root extract and solvent fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule showed a stimulatory effect on cell-mediated immunity and hematopoiesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1838903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T14:44:23Z","timestamp":1613054663000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of the Effect of Hydroethanolic Root Extract and Solvent Fractions of Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex A. Rich) Descoings ex Wild &amp; Drummond on Cell-Mediated Immune Response and Blood Cell Count in Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7004-1735","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dehnnet","family":"Abebe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1104-8574","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gomathi","family":"Periasamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6198-1664","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aman","family":"Karim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7383-4960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Helen","family":"Bitew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Role of phytochemicals as immunomodulatory agents: a review","volume":"10","author":"P. Venkatalakshmi","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Green Pharmacy"},{"issue":"2","key":"2","first-page":"473","article-title":"Cyphostemma adenocaule (Steud. ex. A. rich) wild & R. B. Drumm","volume":"2","author":"G. J. . Grubben","year":"1966","journal-title":"PROTA Vegetables"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13002-015-0015-5"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","first-page":"36","article-title":"An ethnomedicinal investigation of plants used by traditional healers of Gondar town, north- western Ethiopia","volume":"3","author":"Z. Birhanu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20286\/nova-jmbs-030234"},{"issue":"3","key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2013.11.051","article-title":"Medicinal plants used in treatment and management of cancer in Kakamega county, Kenya","volume":"151","author":"D. O. Ochwang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Ethnopharmacology"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-016-0801-1"},{"issue":"21","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.5897\/AJB2015.14490","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and membrane stabilizing potential of stem and root of Cyphospenna adenocaulis (Steud)","volume":"14","author":"A. Feyisayo","year":"2015","journal-title":"African Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2019.e00053"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/abs141027018a"},{"issue":"1","key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.22159\/ijpps.2017v9i1.13038.","article-title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of extract from rind of Nephelium lappaceum fruit","volume":"9","author":"P. Shrestha","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Acute Oral Toxicity-Up-and- Down-Procedure (UDP)","year":"2008","author":"OECD","key":"12"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp\/61.07.0017"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2008.02110.x"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjpr.v9i5.61055"},{"key":"16","volume-title":"Kuby Immunology","author":"J. Owen","year":"2013","edition":"7th"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01962"},{"issue":"2","key":"18","first-page":"139","article-title":"The effect of condensed tannins supplementation through Ficus infectoria and Psidium guajava leaf meal mixture on erythrocytic antioxidant status, immune response and gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs (Ovis aries)","volume":"87","author":"A. Pathak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Veterinarski Arhiv"},{"key":"19","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effect of coconut protein on cyclophosphamide induced immune suppressed swiss albino mice","volume":"12","author":"A. G. Vigila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ethnobotanical Leaflets"},{"issue":"8","key":"20","first-page":"695","article-title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory activity of the herbals formula Viranur, turmeric (Curcuma heyneana val.) and Phyllanthus (Phyllanthus niruri L.) in layer chicken vaccinated with Avian influenza","volume":"5","author":"S. Hartati","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology"},{"key":"21","volume-title":"Janeways Immunology","author":"K. Murphy","year":"2015","edition":"8th"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1078\/0944-7113-00060"},{"issue":"4","key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.19026\/bjpt.4.5392","article-title":"Effects of aqueous extract of Cyphostemma glaucophilla leaves on some specific and non-specific immune responses in Albino rats","volume":"4","author":"E. Ojogbane","year":"2013","journal-title":"British Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology"}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/1838903.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/1838903.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/1838903.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,11]],"date-time":"2021-02-11T14:44:37Z","timestamp":1613054677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/1838903\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Cabral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]},"references-count":23,"alternative-id":["1838903","1838903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/1838903","relation":{},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1741-4288"},{"type":"print","value":"1741-427X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]]}}}