{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:12:44Z","timestamp":1790687564027,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":268,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81870176"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81870176"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Objectives<\/jats:italic>. Observational studies indicate that insomnia may increase risk of peptic ulcer disease (PUD). Our purpose is to clarify the possible causal relationship between insomnia and PUD by Mendelian randomization analyses. <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>. We carried out analyses using summary statistics data for genetic variants reported from a GWAS of insomnia (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009up to 1,331,010 individuals) and from a GWAS of PUD (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009up to 456,327 individuals). Three Mendelian randomization approaches were used to explore whether insomnia might play a causal role in PUD, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses were conducted to anticipate the underlying mechanisms. <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>. Conventional Mendelian randomization analysis showed clear causality between insomnia and PUD; 1 SD increased insomnia incident was related to a 19% higher risk of PUD (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 6.69 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u221216<\/jats:sup>; OR, 1.19 (95% CI, 1.14\u20101.24)). The associations between insomnia and PUD were consistent in the other two analyses performed using the weighted median method (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 7.75 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>; OR, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09\u20101.23)) and MR\u2010Egger regression (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 5.00 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>\u22123<\/jats:sup>; OR, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.07\u20101.50)). Moreover, no evidence indicated a reverse causality between PUD events and insomnia symptoms. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanisms of insomnia effect on PUD may be through various ways, such as the immune system and oxidative stress. <jats:italic>Conclusions<\/jats:italic>. This Mendelian randomization study suggests insomnia as a causal risk factor for PUD. The potential mechanisms included may be immune and oxidative stress. These findings indicate that improving sleep quality could have substantial health benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2216314","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T17:58:45Z","timestamp":1632679125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of Insomnia on Peptic Ulcer Disease Using Mendelian Randomization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3891-7407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling-Feng","family":"Zha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiang-Tao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing-Lin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian-Fei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9501-4859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shao-Fang","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-6499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xin","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60750-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1098-3597(03)90031-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32404-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.32978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60938-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03324222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep36925"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-38715-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-017-0128-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14156-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0333-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21280-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4065\/79.12.1501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.48.5.648"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","article-title":"Sleep dysfunction and gastrointestinal diseases","volume":"11","author":"Khanijow V.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.16.s2.11.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","first-page":"265","article-title":"A radical view of the stomach: the role of oxygen-derived free radicals and anti-oxidants in gastroduodenal disease","volume":"7","author":"Phull P. 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