{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T21:39:38Z","timestamp":1782855578729,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":342,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R01AG058971"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AG058971"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Hypertension"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Background<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Antihypertensive and Lipid\u2010Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT) ended in 2002, but it is important to study its long\u2010term outcomes during the posttrial period by incorporating posttrial antihypertensive medication uses in the analysis.\n                    <jats:italic>Purposes<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The primary aim is to explore the patterns of antihypertensive medication use during the posttrial period from Medicare Part\u2010D data over the 11\u2010year period from 2007 to 2017. The secondary aim is to examine the potential effects of these posttrial antihypertensive medications on the observed mortality and morbidity benefits.\n                    <jats:italic>Methods<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This is a posttrial passive follow\u2010up study of ALLHAT participants in 567 US centers in 1994\u20131998 with the last date of active in\u2010trial follow\u2010up on March 31, 2002, by linking with their Medicare and National Death Index data through 2017 among 8,007 subjects receiving antihypertensive drugs (3,637 for chlorthalidone, 2,189 for amlodipine, and 2,181 for lisinopril). Outcomes included posttrial antihypertensive drug use, all\u2010cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.\n                    <jats:italic>Results<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Of 8007 subjects, 3,637 participants were initially randomized to diuretic (chlorthalidone). The majority (67.9%) of them still received diuretics in 2007, and 52.7%, 47.2%, and 44.0% received\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010blockers, angiotensin\u2010converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers (CCBs), respectively. Compared to participants who received diuretic\u2010based antihypertensives, those who received CCB had a nonsignificantly higher risk of all\u2010cause mortality (1.17, 0.99\u20131.37), whereas those who received ACE\/ARB (angiotensin receptor blockers) had a significantly higher risk of all\u2010cause mortality (1.26, 1.09\u20131.45). For the combined fatal or nonfatal hospitalized events, the risk of CVD was significantly higher in patients receiving CCB (1.30, 1.04\u20131.61) and ACE\/ARB (1.49, 1.22\u20131.81) as compared to patients receiving diuretics.\n                    <jats:italic>Conclusion<\/jats:italic>\n                    . After the conclusion of the ALLHAT, almost all patients switched to combination antihypertensive therapies, independently by the original drug class, and the combination therapies (mostly based on diuretics) reduced the incidence of major cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2261144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:06:27Z","timestamp":1639083987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Posttrial Antihypertensive Drugs on Morbidity and Mortality: Findings from 15\u2010Year Passive Follow\u2010Up after ALLHAT Ended"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0119-5252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianglin L.","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara 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