{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T17:14:38Z","timestamp":1790356478232,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632528000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. To explore the differences in clinical characteristics and psychoacoustic indexes of various traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in patients with idiopathic tinnitus. Methods. 312 patients with idiopathic tinnitus in our hospital from December 2017 to March 2020 were selected; divided into the wind evil invasion group (n\u2009=\u200961), the liver fire disturbance group (n\u2009=\u200969), the phlegm fire stagnation group (n\u2009=\u200942), the spleen and stomach weakness group (n\u2009=\u200948), and the kidney essence loss group (n\u2009=\u200992) according to the medical syndrome type and the detailed medical history; and clinical characteristics of patients in each group were compared. Results. The kidney essence loss group\u2019s age and course of disease were older and longer than those of other syndrome groups, and the wind evil invasion group\u2019s disease course was shorter than the liver fire disturbance, phlegm fire stagnation, and spleen and stomach weakness groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.05<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The PSQI score of all patients was higher than 7 points, but there was no obvious difference between the groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>P<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>&gt;<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.05<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The SAS score of the liver fire disturbance and the phlegm-fire stagnation groups was higher than that of the wind evil invasion, the spleen and stomach weakness, and the kidney essence loss groups, and the SDS score of the spleen and stomach weakness and the kidney essence loss groups was higher than that of the wind evil invasion, the liver fire disturbance, and the phlegm and fire stagnation groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>P<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.05<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The kidney essence loss group\u2019s total hearing loss rate (92.39%) was higher than the other syndrome groups, and the wind evil invasion group\u2019s total hearing loss rate (8.19%) was lower than the other syndrome groups (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>); the low to medium frequency tone of tinnitus\u2019s rate in the wind evil invasion group, liver fire disturbance group, and phlegm fire stagnation group was higher than the spleen and stomach weakness group and the kidney essence loss group, but the high frequency tone of tinnitus\u2019s rate was opposite. The tinnitus loudness in these groups was higher than the spleen and stomach weakness and kidney essence loss group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>P<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>&lt;<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.05<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. In addition to the wind evil invasion type, most tinnitus patients may have different levels of psychological disorders. So, in the treatment of idiopathic tinnitus, in addition to the disease itself, paying more attention to the psychological status of the patient is one better therapeutic method. Besides, clinical characteristics and the psychoacoustic indexes of patients with idiopathic tinnitus have a certain correlation with the TCM syndromes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2446357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T23:05:08Z","timestamp":1632611108000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of Clinical Characteristics and Psychoacoustic Indexes in Different TCM Syndromes of Idiopathic Tinnitus"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shubo","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology, The First People\u2019s Hospital of Qujing, Qujing, Yunnan 655000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4700-336X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Chao","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First Hospital of Putian, Putian, Fujian 351100, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13201\/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.08.003"},{"issue":"18","key":"2","first-page":"3610","article-title":"Progress in diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic tinnitus","volume":"23","author":"Y. Shen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medical Recapitulate"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-017-4686-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"4","first-page":"151","article-title":"Research progress of TCM treatment of tinnitus","volume":"32","author":"Z. Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Western Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"154","article-title":"A summary of researches on the treatment of tinnitus with traditional Chinese medicine from different perspectives","volume":"11","author":"S. Song","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599814545325"},{"issue":"4","key":"7","first-page":"171","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of tinnitus in 1748 physical examination subjects","volume":"24","author":"Z. Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology\u2014Head and Neck Surgery"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-016-4401-y"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/moo.0000000000000185"},{"issue":"6","key":"10","first-page":"406","article-title":"Analysis of TCM syndrome types in 500 cases of tinnitus","volume":"33","author":"L. Ding","year":"2014","journal-title":"Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119138341.ch3"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/aud.0000000000000573"},{"issue":"14","key":"13","first-page":"31","article-title":"Explore the etiology and pathogenesis from the five internal organs of tinnitus","volume":"23","author":"X. Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology"},{"key":"14","first-page":"997","article-title":"Tinnitus, deafness and emotion","volume-title":"Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine","author":"X. Han","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"15","first-page":"106","article-title":"Study on the anxiety and depression status of tinnitus patients and its influencing factors","volume":"18","author":"Y. Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing"},{"issue":"5","key":"16","first-page":"416","article-title":"Anxiety and depression status of patients with idiopathic tinnitus and analysis of related factors","volume":"33","author":"Y. Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Otolaryngology\u2014Head & Neck Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"17","first-page":"378","article-title":"Analysis of clinical characteristics of 2171 tinnitus patients","volume":"25","author":"H. Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315670645-28"},{"issue":"11","key":"19","first-page":"2425","article-title":"Clinical research of relation between objective indexes and syndrome differentiation of tinnitus","volume":"31","author":"Y. Ge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","first-page":"92","article-title":"Progress in the study of Chinese and western treatment medicine in tinnitus","volume":"40","author":"W. Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine"},{"issue":"23","key":"21","first-page":"5639","article-title":"Analysis of classical prescription Jinshui Liujun Jian based on ancient literature","volume":"45","author":"Z. Dong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9843965","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"retraction-watch","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000},"record-id":"45936"},{"DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9843965","type":"retraction","label":"Retraction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,21]],"date-time":"2023-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687305600000}}],"container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/2446357.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/2446357.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/2446357.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]],"date-time":"2021-09-25T23:05:23Z","timestamp":1632611123000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/ecam\/2021\/2446357\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Songwen","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["2446357","2446357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/2446357","relation":{"retraction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1155\/2023\/9843965","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1741-4288","1741-427X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1741-4288","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1741-427X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,25]]}}}