{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:34:24Z","timestamp":1789475664810,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004413","name":"International Foundation for Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J\/5749-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J\/5749-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004413","name":"International Foundation for Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2020\/241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2020\/241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004413","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["J\/5749-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["J\/5749-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSP-2020\/241"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSP-2020\/241"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya are used in herbal medicine for the treatment of malaria. This work investigated the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antimalarial effects of hydromethanolic extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya. A four-day chemosuppressive test was conducted to assess the ability of the extracts to prevent establishment of infection. Three doses of the extracts were administered\u2014100, 200, and 400\u2009mg\/kg bw\u2014prior to Plasmodium berghei challenge. Change in body weight, parasitemia, packed cell volume (PCV), and mean survival time was determined. A three-day curative test was also carried out on Plasmodium berghei-infected mice to determine the effects of the plant extracts (200\u2009mg\/kg bw) on parasitemia and biochemical indices of liver and kidney functions, lipid metabolism, and oxidative stress. The study revealed that the extracts possessed phenolic compounds (34.13\u2009\u00b1\u20091.90\u2009mg GAE\/g for Alstonia boonei and 27.99\u2009\u00b1\u20091.46\u2009mg GAE\/g for Carica papaya) and flavonoids (19.47\u2009\u00b1\u20091.89\u2009mg QE\/g for Alstonia boonei and 18.24\u2009\u00b1\u20091.36\u2009mg QE\/g for Carica papaya). In vitro antioxidant activity measured as total antioxidant power, total reducing power, and DPPH radical scavenging activity showed that the extracts possessed higher antioxidant activity than the reference compounds. The outcome of the chemosuppressive test revealed that whereas Plasmodium berghei-infected mice had high parasitemia, decreased mean survival time, exhibited loss of weight, and had low PCV, treatment with the extracts reversed the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Similarly, the curative test revealed that the extracts significantly suppressed parasitemia compared with the malaria negative control group. This was mirrored by reversal of indices of hepatic toxicity (AST, ALT, and ALP levels), nephropathy (urea and creatinine levels), oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and lipid peroxides), and dyslipidemia (TC, HDL, and TG levels and HMG-CoA reductase activity) in infected but treated mice compared with negative control. Put together, the results of this study demonstrate that the extracts of Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya possess antimalarial properties and are able to ameliorate metabolic dysregulations that characterize Plasmodium berghei infection. The phytoconstituents in these extracts are believed to be responsible for the pharmacological activity reported in this study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2599191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,7]],"date-time":"2021-10-07T03:00:18Z","timestamp":1633575618000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of Antimalarial Potential of Extracts from Alstonia boonei and Carica papaya in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0817-0106","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Francis O.","family":"Atanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Favour M.","family":"Idih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles O.","family":"Nwonuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helal F.","family":"Hetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0595, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salman","family":"Alamery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaber","family":"El-Saber Batiha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Albeheira, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","volume-title":"World Malaria Report 2020","author":"WHO","year":"2020"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2015.08.001"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3887571"},{"key":"4","first-page":"575","volume-title":"Malaria: Parasite Biology, Pathogenesis and Protection","author":"I. 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