{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T19:18:33Z","timestamp":1789067913386,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>With the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), hemodynamics of the pulmonary arteries (PA\u2019s) can be studied in detail and varying physiological circumstances and treatment options can be simulated. This offers the opportunity to improve the diagnostics and treatment of PA stenosis in biventricular congenital heart disease (CHD). The aim of this review was to evaluate the methods of computational studies for PA\u2019s in biventricular CHD and the level of validation of the numerical outcomes. A total of 34 original research papers were selected. The literature showed a great variety in the used methods for (re) construction of the geometry as well as definition of the boundary conditions and numerical setup. There were 10 different methods identified to define inlet boundary conditions and 17 for outlet boundary conditions. A total of nine papers verified their CFD outcomes by comparing results to clinical data or by an experimental mock loop. The diversity in used methods and the low level of validation of the outcomes result in uncertainties regarding the reliability of numerical studies. This limits the current clinical utility of CFD for the study of PA flow in CHD. Standardization and validation of the methods are therefore recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2618625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T16:50:06Z","timestamp":1617382206000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Computational Analysis of the Pulmonary Arteries in Congenital Heart Disease: A Review of the Methods and Results"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5185-2372","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"M.","family":"Conijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital (University Medical Center), Utrecht 3584 EA, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-0862","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"G. J.","family":"Krings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiology, Wilhelmina Children\u2019s Hospital (University Medical Center), Utrecht 3584 EA, Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01886-7","article-title":"The incidence of congenital heart disease","volume":"39","author":"J. I. Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2012.08.008"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-012-0439-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.10.016"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ccd.21838"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951112002028"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2015-308044","article-title":"Computational fluid dynamics modelling in cardiovascular medicine","volume":"102","author":"P. D. Morris","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2013.00004","article-title":"Modeling of congenital, computational fluid dynamics models and congenital heart diseases","volume":"1","author":"G. Pennati","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"9","first-page":"202","article-title":"On the use of computational models for the quantitative assessment of surgery in congenital heart disease","volume":"5","author":"S. Pittaccio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anadolu kardiyoloji dergisi"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2017.05.024"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compmedimag.2014.09.002"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-006-9240-3"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcts.2005.10.029"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4029429"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10255840290010689"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-014-1055-7"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2020.09.014"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.119.014490"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-018-2043-5"},{"key":"20","first-page":"45","article-title":"Finite element modeling of the pulmonary autograft at systemic pressure before remodeling","volume":"20","author":"P. B. Matthews","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Heart Valve Disease"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivy326"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu202"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2016.11.014"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-017-0302-5"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivu368"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/1502318"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx036"},{"key":"28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivv108"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2015.03.001"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivx293"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4720908"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.09.013"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-015-0240-z"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2013.09.003"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3208"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.2952"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10237-016-0766-5"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2008.07.017"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/198108"},{"key":"40","first-page":"21","article-title":"Comparison of hemodynamic endpoints between normal subject and tetralogy patient using Womersley velocity profile and MR based flow measurements","volume":"8","author":"A. Das","year":"2011","journal-title":"Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-010-0124-1"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.2005.29102.x"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivw179"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.105223"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/chd.12556"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-018-0497-1"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compfluid.2018.01.012"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-925x-14-s1-s6"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4006681"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/2618625.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/2618625.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/2618625.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T16:50:12Z","timestamp":1617382212000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/2618625\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrei","family":"Korobeinikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["2618625","2618625"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/2618625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6718","1748-670X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]]}}}