{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T09:08:44Z","timestamp":1768208924832,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Project Foundation of China","award":["81671673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671673"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Project Foundation of China","award":["81871329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871329"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Project Foundation of China","award":["18411967600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18411967600"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Medical Rising Star Talent Fund","award":["81671673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671673"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Medical Rising Star Talent Fund","award":["81871329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871329"]}]},{"name":"Shanghai Medical Rising Star Talent Fund","award":["18411967600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18411967600"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671673"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671673"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81871329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81871329"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18411967600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18411967600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neural Plasticity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study introduced new MRI techniques such as neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI); NODDI applies a three-compartment tissue model to multishell DWI data that allows the examination of both the intra- and extracellular properties of white matter tissue. This, in turn, enables us to distinguish the two key aspects of axonal pathology\u2014the packing density of axons in the white matter and the spatial organization of axons (orientation dispersion (OD)). NODDI is used to detect possible abnormalities of posttraumatic encephalomalacia fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintense lesions in neurite density and dispersion. Methods. 26 epilepsy patients associated with FLAIR hyperintensity around the trauma encephalomalacia region were in the epilepsy group. 18 posttraumatic patients with a FLAIR hyperintense encephalomalacia region were in the nonepilepsy group. Neurite density and dispersion affection in FLAIR hyperintense lesions around encephalomalacia were measured by NODDI using intracellular volume fraction (ICVF), and we compare these findings with conventional diffusion MRI parameters, namely, fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Differences were compared between the epilepsy and nonepilepsy groups, as well as in the FLAIR hyperintense part and in the FLAIR hypointense part to try to find neurite density and dispersion differences in these parts. Results. ICVF of FLAIR hyperintense lesions in the epilepsy group was significantly higher than that in the nonepilepsy group (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>P<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). ICVF reveals more information of FLAIR(+) and FLAIR(-) parts of encephalomalacia than OD and FA and ADC. Conclusion. The FLAIR hyperintense part around encephalomalacia in the epilepsy group showed higher ICVF, indicating that this part may have more neurite density and dispersion and may be contributing to epilepsy. NODDI indicated high neurite density with the intensity of myelin in the FLAIR hyperintense lesion. Therefore, NODDI likely shows that neurite density may be a more sensitive marker of pathology than FA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2678379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T20:50:45Z","timestamp":1635713445000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Experimental Imaging Study of Encephalomalacia Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) Hyperintense Lesions in Posttraumatic Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0641-3485","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-0879","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kai","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0028-9441","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zheng","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8028-248X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yue-Hua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, The Sixth Affiliated People\u2019s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 600, Yi Shan Road, Shanghai 200233, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2018.09.017","article-title":"Abnormal neurite density and orientation dispersion in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy detected by advanced diffusion imaging","volume":"20","author":"D. Sone","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2014.07.013","article-title":"Connectivity and tissue microstructural alterations in right and left temporal lobe epilepsy revealed by diffusion spectrum imaging","volume":"5","author":"A. Lemkaddem","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.08.099","article-title":"A generalised framework for super-resolution track-weighted imaging","volume":"59","author":"F. Calamante","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.08.053","article-title":"Neurite density from magnetic resonance diffusion measurements at ultrahigh field: comparison with light microscopy and electron microscopy","volume":"49","author":"S. N. Jespersen","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.03.072","article-title":"NODDI: practical in vivo neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the human brain","volume":"61","author":"H. Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.059","article-title":"Track density imaging (TDI): validation of super resolution property","volume":"56","author":"F. Calamante","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.024","article-title":"Track-density imaging (TDI): super-resolution white matter imaging using whole-brain track-density mapping","volume":"53","author":"F. 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