{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T15:57:55Z","timestamp":1783439875082,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631923200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":260,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004410","name":"T\u00fcrkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Kurumu","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["117E284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["117E284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004410","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004473","name":"Sakarya \u00dcniversitesi","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019-1-1-093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019-1-1-093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004473","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Coordination of a power system with the phasor measurement devices (PMUs) in real time on the load and generation sides is carried out within the context of smart grid studies. Power systems equipped with information systems in a smart grid pace with external security threats. Developing a smart grid which can resist against cyber threats is considered indispensable for the uninterrupted operation. In this study, a two\u2010way secure communication methodology underpinned by a chaos\u2010based encryption algorithm for PMU devices is proposed. The proposed system uses the IEEE\u201014 busbar system on which the optimum PMU placement has been installed. The proposed hyperchaotic system\u2010based encryption method is applied as a new security methodology among PMU devices. The success of results is evaluated by the completeness of data exchange, durations, the complexity of encryption\u2010decryption processes, and strength of cryptography using a microcomputer\u2010based implementation. The results show that the proposed microcomputer\u2010based encryption algorithms can be directly embedded as encryption hardware units into PMU and PDC devices which have very fast signal processing capabilities taking into considerations the acceptable delay time for power system protection and measuring applications and quality metering applications which is 2\u2009ms and 10\u2009ms, respectively. While proposed algorithms can be used in TCP or UDP over IP\u2010based IEEE C37.118, IEC 61850, and IEC 61850\u201090\u20105 communication frameworks, they can also be embedded into electronic cards, smartcards, or smart tokens which are utilized for authentication among smart grid components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2798534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]],"date-time":"2021-09-18T19:35:09Z","timestamp":1631993709000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Novel Security Methodology for Smart Grids: A Case Study of Microcomputer\u2010Based Encryption for PMU Devices"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6099-6768","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Metin","family":"Varan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9151-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akif","family":"Akgul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2508-4496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatih","family":"Kurugollu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8001-3965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmet","family":"Sansli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","volume-title":"Computer Techniques in Power System Analysis","author":"Pai M. A.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","volume-title":"Computer Methods for Circuit Analysis and Design","author":"Vlach J.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","volume-title":"Power Systems Analysis","author":"Bergen A. R.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02533839.2012.737113"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KhanR. McLaughlinK. LavertyD. andSezerS. Analysis of IEEE C37. 118 and IEC 61850-90-5 synchrophasor communication frameworks Proceedings of 2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM) July 2016 Boston MA USA IEEE 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/pesgm.2016.7741343 2-s2.0-85002252587.","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM.2016.7741343"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ApostolovA. Impact of iec 61850 on the interoperability and reliability of protection schemes Proceedings of 2013 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting July 2013 Vancouver Canada IEEE 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/pesmg.2013.6673051 2-s2.0-84893185973.","DOI":"10.1109\/PESMG.2013.6673051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DongX. LinH. TanR. IyerR. K. andKalbarczykZ. Software-defined networking for smart grid resilience: opportunities and challenges Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Cyber-Physical System Security October 2015 Denver CO USA 61\u201368.","DOI":"10.1145\/2732198.2732203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","article-title":"Secured communication scheme for scada in smart grid environment","volume":"7","author":"Abawajy J.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Security Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2018.2854745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2014.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2001.972857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2018.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12043-018-1546-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04275"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","first-page":"225","article-title":"Artificial neural network based chaotic generator for cryptology","volume":"18","author":"Dalkiran I.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2016.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2013.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/81.915385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/81.915396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2019.2914721"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2016.02.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","first-page":"1171","article-title":"The design and application of bank authenticator device with a novel chaos based random number generator","volume":"33","author":"Akkaya S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-017-3378-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-017-3714-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-76537-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","unstructured":"ChoK.-S. ShinJ.-R. andHyunS. H. Optimal placement of phasor measurement units with GPS receiver Proceedings of 2001 IEEE Power Engineering Society Winter Meeting September 2001 Athens Greece IEEE 258\u2013262."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"PhadkeA. G. Synchronized phasor measurements-a historical overview 1 Proceedings of IEEE\/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition October 2002 Yokohama Japan IEEE 476\u2013479.","DOI":"10.1109\/TDC.2002.1178427"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.736348"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2006.881149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.708579"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jproc.2005.847266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2005.857386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2012.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2019.2932208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2010.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2009.2036474"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-gtd.2015.0662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KorkaliM.andAburA. Impact of network sparsity on strategic placement of phasor measurement units with fixed channel capacity Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems June 2010 Paris France IEEE 3445\u20133448 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iscas.2010.5537854 2-s2.0-77955994202.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS.2010.5537854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2014.2302016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AmareK. CentenoV. A. andPalA. Unified PMU placement algorithm for power systems Proceedings of 2015 North American Power Symposium (NAPS) October 2015 Charlotte NC USA IEEE 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/naps.2015.7335254 2-s2.0-84961793499.","DOI":"10.1109\/NAPS.2015.7335254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127418500360"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218127413501095"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-016-3238-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-2789(85)90011-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design of an interface for random number generators based on integer and fractional order chaotic systems","volume":"1","author":"Akg\u00fcl A.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chaos Theory and Applications"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","unstructured":"SotoJ. Statistical testing of random number generators 10 Proceedings of the 22nd National Information Systems Security Conference October 1999 Gaithersburg MD USA NIST."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","unstructured":"WalkerJ. Ent: A pseudorandom number sequence test program 2008 http:\/\/www.fourmilab.ch\/random."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JangI.andYooH. S. Pseudorandom number generator using optimal normal basis Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Science and its Applications May 2006 Glassgow UK Springer 206\u2013212 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/11751595_23 2-s2.0-33745878540.","DOI":"10.1007\/11751595_23"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/986174"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","unstructured":"SeetharamD.andRheeS. An efficient pseudo random number generator for low-power sensor networks [wireless networks] Proceedings of 29th Annual IEEE International Conference on Local Computer Networks November 2004 Tampa FL USA IEEE 560\u2013562."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2013.06.017"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/2798534.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/complexity\/2021\/2798534.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/2798534","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T23:10:40Z","timestamp":1723245040000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/2798534"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ning","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/2798534"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/2798534","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2798534"}}