{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T17:30:22Z","timestamp":1770139822051,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The terms atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs) and Parkinson plus syndromes are mainly used to describe the four major entities of sporadic neuronal multisystem degeneration: progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), multiple system atrophy (MSA), and dementia with Lewy bodies (LBD). APDs are characterized by a variety of symptoms and a lack of disease modifying therapies; their treatment thus remains mainly symptomatic. Brain stimulation via repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a safe and noninvasive intervention using a magnetic coil, and it is considered an alternative therapy in various neuropsychiatric pathologies. In this paper, we review the available studies that investigate the efficacy of rTMS in the treatment of these APDs and Parkinson plus syndromes. \u03a4he majority of the studies have shown beneficial effects on motor and nonmotor symptoms, but research is still at a preliminary phase, with large, double-blind studies lacking in the literature.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3419907","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,24]],"date-time":"2021-12-24T10:50:09Z","timestamp":1640343009000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Therapeutic Application of rTMS in Atypical Parkinsonian Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Chrysi","family":"Petsani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Athina-Maria","family":"Aloizou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Siokas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lambros","family":"Messinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9629-0193","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Eleni","family":"Peristeri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of English Studies, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christos","family":"Bakirtzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2nd Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grigorios","family":"Nasios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Speech and Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2957-641X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Efthimios","family":"Dardiotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Larissa, School of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32823ecfa7"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23713"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2016.0061"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.60.6.615"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26054"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32833be924"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-018-0584-3"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2016.04.042"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq115"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000324625.00404.15"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"12","first-page":"189","article-title":"Consensus statement on the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy","volume":"74","author":"S. 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