{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:53:15Z","timestamp":1774313595735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]],"date-time":"2021-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634774400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51977155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51977155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Smart substation is the key part of smart grid. The reliability of smart substation is extremely important to the safe and stable operation of the smart grid. Smart substation is a cyber\u2010physical system (CPS). Hence, this paper conducts reliability evaluation study for smart substation from the perspective of CPS. Firstly, the basic reliability indices of cyber and physical elements of smart substation are presented. The reliability index of one cyber element takes into account the reliability factors of data leakage, tampering, loss and delay, etc., on the cyber side. Then, the cyber\u2010physical interactions of smart substation are analyzed. It is concluded that the effect of the cyber side and cyber\u2010physical interactions on the reliability of smart substation is reflected in the effect of measurement and control messages on circuit breaker operation. And, the new reliability indices considering cyber\u2010physical interactions are proposed. Furthermore, the MALI\u2010hybrid method, which combines the Monte Carlo method, analytical method, Latin hypercube sampling method, and important sampling method, is presented for evaluating the reliability of smart substation. Finally, the rationality of the proposed reliability indices, the efficiency, and correctness of MALI\u2010hybrid method are verified by case studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3434148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T00:05:31Z","timestamp":1634861131000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Reliability Evaluation for Cyber\u2010Physical Smart Substation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1185-3637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1967-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun\u2019e","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5453-2876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4256-0295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kai","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8890-3623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaipei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2019.2953815"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"240","article-title":"Smart grid information security and its influence on power system survivability","volume":"29","author":"Chen L. 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