{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:41:30Z","timestamp":1747190490915,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639440000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Spatiotemporal data are vitally important for the national economy and defense modernization since it is not only an important component of human society and geographical information of the environment but also a key carrier of spatiotemporal information. An event-based spatiotemporal data model and its improvements are employed to model spatiotemporal objects, change history, and change relation, which is the main approach to resolve the spatiotemporal change modeling and has been comprehensively developed in modeling theory and applications. This manuscript studies the event-based spatiotemporal data modeling theory based on three aspects of the cognitive theory, which are the spatiotemporal object, the concept of the spatiotemporal dynamic object, and the spatiotemporal object relationship. Then, the implementation characteristics of the models were analyzed regarding the management of cadastral information, analog natural disaster phenomena, and reasoning. Finally, the key points and difficulties of an event-based spatiotemporal data modeling and prospective developmental trends were discussed to provide insights with spatiotemporal data modeling.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3532845","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T21:35:17Z","timestamp":1639517717000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Advances in an Event-Based Spatiotemporal Data Modeling"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Xinming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4903-969X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Qing","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China"}]},{"given":"Jun\u2019nan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyang","family":"Lihua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450000, Henan, China"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"GIS Representation For Visualizing and Mining Geographic Dynamics","author":"M. Yuan","year":"2003"},{"issue":"3","key":"2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Real-time GIS spatiotemporal data model","volume":"14","author":"J. Gong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"3","first-page":"311","article-title":"Temporal GIS model based on event semantics","volume":"27","author":"Z. Xu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4","first-page":"202","article-title":"Research and implementation of spatiotemporal data model based on the time-varying sequence of geographical events","volume":"28","author":"L. Meng","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"author":"K. E. Grossner","key":"5","article-title":"Event objects for spatial history"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02693799508902022"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15427633scc0401_4"},{"issue":"3","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/logcom\/exm079","article-title":"Experience and history: processes and their relation to events","volume":"18","author":"A. Galton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Logic and Computation"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/ao-2009-0067"},{"issue":"1","key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1207\/s15427633scc0401_5","article-title":"SNAP and SPAN: towards dynamic spatial ontology","volume":"4","author":"G. Pierre","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spatial Cognition and Computation"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13658810412331280167"},{"author":"A. Galton","key":"12","article-title":"On what goes on: the ontology of processes and events: conference on formal ontology in information systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"123","article-title":"A process-based dynamic spatiotemporal data model","volume":"47","author":"F. Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Sun Yat-sen University (Social Science Edition)"},{"issue":"8","key":"14","first-page":"740","article-title":"Research on spatiotemporal data model based on Petri net","volume":"29","author":"Z. Yin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition)"},{"issue":"3","key":"15","first-page":"14","article-title":"Spatiotemporal data model based on object event process and its application","volume":"29","author":"X. Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Geography and Geo-Information Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Database model based on spatiotemporal ontology","volume":"26","author":"X. Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geography and Geo-Information Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"17","first-page":"168","article-title":"Research on spatiotemporal data model based on graph theory","volume":"32","author":"Z. C. Yin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"key":"18","first-page":"347","article-title":"Toward knowledge discovery about geographic dynamics in spatiotemporal databases","volume-title":"Geographic Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery","author":"Y. May","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"19","first-page":"321","article-title":"A Trapezoidal hierarchical description framework for spatiotemporal processes and its modeling example","volume":"36","author":"J. Xie","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"20","first-page":"239","article-title":"Spatiotemporal process modeling of land change based on Petri net","volume":"34","author":"Z. Huang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1559\/152304001782173718","article-title":"Representing complex geographic phenomena in GIS","volume":"28","author":"Y. May","year":"2001","journal-title":"The American Cartographer"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13131-012-0188-x"},{"issue":"1","key":"23","first-page":"95","article-title":"Research on process-oriented spatiotemporal data model","volume":"39","author":"C. Xue","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"24","first-page":"1250","article-title":"Research on an improved temporal model based on event-process","volume":"33","author":"C. Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Wuhan University (Natural Science Edition): Information Science Edition"},{"article-title":"Qualitative Causal Modeling in Temporal GIS","author":"E. Allen","key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-60392-1_26"},{"issue":"3","key":"26","first-page":"303","article-title":"Research on object-oriented cadastral spatiotemporal process expression and data update model","volume":"39","author":"F. Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Geodesy and Geoinformation Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"27","first-page":"51","article-title":"Research on the spatiotemporal data model of cadastral objects based on the whole life cycle and improvement events","volume":"22","author":"L. Meng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomatics World"},{"issue":"1","key":"28","first-page":"64","article-title":"Event-based Spatio-temporal database design","volume":"29","author":"C. J. Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica"},{"issue":"4","key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026565929263","article-title":"An event-based approach to spatio-temporal data modeling in land subdivision systems","volume":"4","author":"J. Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geoinformatics"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-35300-5_19"},{"issue":"3","key":"31","first-page":"477","article-title":"Framework foundation and prototype construction of process geographic information system","volume":"25","author":"F. Su","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geographical Research"},{"volume-title":"Research on the Spatiotemporal Data Model and Time-Varying Analysis Model of Events and Processes","year":"2011","author":"X. Chen","key":"32"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.08.056"},{"volume-title":"ENSTDM: An ENtity-Based Spatial-Temporal Data Model and Case Study in Real Estate Management, Spatial Data and Intelligence","year":"2021","author":"W. Xiong","key":"34"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9020127"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2020.1738569"}],"container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3532845.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3532845.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3532845.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]],"date-time":"2021-12-14T21:35:46Z","timestamp":1639517746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3532845\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Farouk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["3532845","3532845"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/3532845","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-919X","1058-9244"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-919X"},{"type":"print","value":"1058-9244"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,14]]}}}