{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:22:12Z","timestamp":1756995732781,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635638400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The permeability coefficient (k) of soil is one of the most important parameters affecting soil characteristics such as shear strength or settlement. Thus, determining soil permeability coefficient is very crucial; however, a field test for determining this parameter is difficult, time-consuming, and expensive. In this study, soft computing methods, namely, M5P and Gaussian process (GP), for estimating the permeability coefficient were constructed and compared. The results of this paper indicate that the two soft computing algorithms functioned well in predicting k. These two methods gave high accuracy of prediction capability. The determination coefficient of M5P (R2\u2009=\u20090.766) was higher than that (R2\u2009=\u20090.700) of GP. This implies that the M5P model is more reliable estimation than the GP model in predicting soils\u2019 permeability coefficient (k). This proves that applying these machine learning techniques can provide an alternative for predicting basic soil parameters, including the permeability coefficient of soil.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3625289","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T15:50:09Z","timestamp":1635695409000},"page":"1-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["A Comparison of Gaussian Process and M5P for Prediction of Soil Permeability Coefficient"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9707-840X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Binh Thai","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8038-2381","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hai-Bang","family":"Ly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-2653","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nadhir","family":"Al-Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 971 87 Lulea, Sweden"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6012-6460","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lanh Si","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Transport Technology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Civil and Environmental Engineering Program, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2016.07.034"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-015-9479-5"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198118798486"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2019.124223"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2011.01.022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"6","DOI":"10.1029\/92wr01758"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10706-007-9146-3"},{"key":"8","volume-title":"Seepage Drainage and Flow Nets","author":"H. R. Cedergren","year":"1988","edition":"Third"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"9","DOI":"10.2113\/gseegeosci.xxvii.2.245"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"10","DOI":"10.1061\/ajgeb6.0000945"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"11","DOI":"10.1346\/ccmn.1971.0190303"},{"key":"12","volume-title":"Fundamentals of Soil Behavior","author":"J. K. Mitchell","year":"2005","edition":"Third"},{"key":"13","first-page":"144","volume-title":"Pore Fluid Effects on the Fabric and Hydraulic Conductivity of Laboratory-Compacted clay","author":"Y. B. Acar","year":"1989"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"14","DOI":"10.1520\/gtj10325j"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s10064-012-0418-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"16","DOI":"10.1139\/t89-074"},{"key":"17","article-title":"Evaluation of empirical formulae for determination of hydraulic conductivity based on grain-size analysis","volume":"4","author":"J. Odong","year":"2008","journal-title":"The Journal of American Science"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"18","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-6584.2004.tb02694.x"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"19","DOI":"10.1139\/t04-022"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-011-0535-4"},{"volume-title":"Learning with Continuous Classes","year":"1992","author":"J. R. B. Quinlan","key":"21"},{"author":"A. Sezer","first-page":"333","article-title":"Estimation of the permeability of granular soils using neuro-fuzzy system","key":"22"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.05.061"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2018.09.005"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"25","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000713"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.catena.2018.04.004"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"27","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4832864"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-018-0643-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-019-00718-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.01.069"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(96)00002-9"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"32","DOI":"10.2478\/v10187-012-0021-y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"33","DOI":"10.11591\/ijpeds.v5.i4.pp453-463"},{"volume-title":"Support Vector Machines (SVM) as a Technique for Solvency Analysis","year":"2008","author":"L. Auria","key":"34"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13201-019-1007-8"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"36","DOI":"10.2136\/vzj2006.0131"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"37","DOI":"10.1139\/t09-035"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s11004-012-9409-2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"39","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)gm.1943-5622.0000129"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-018-0434-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2013.09.074"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"42","DOI":"10.5120\/1076-1406"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-017-0357-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmachtools.2007.07.011"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.061"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-020-0654-z"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.029"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2010.07.012"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s11709-013-0202-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"50","DOI":"10.1007\/s10706-019-00808-1"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/09715010.2018.1464408"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"52","DOI":"10.1080\/23249676.2018.1497557"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-017-0410-0"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2020.06.006"},{"key":"55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2020.06.027","article-title":"On the expected behaviour of noise regularised deep neural networks as Gaussian processes","volume":"138","author":"A. Pretorius","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition Letters"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2016.09.018"},{"volume-title":"Induction of Model Trees for Predicting Continuous Classes","year":"1996","author":"Y. Wang","key":"57"},{"volume-title":"Gaussian Processes for Machine Learning","year":"2006","author":"C. E. Rasmussen","key":"58"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"59","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2011.2161634"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/tbme.2007.895745"},{"volume-title":"Advanced Engineering Optimization through Intelligent Techniques: Select Proceedings of AEOTIT","year":"2018","author":"R. Venkata Rao","key":"61"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"62","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi9080479"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"63","DOI":"10.1109\/jsee.2015.00047"}],"container-title":["Scientific Programming"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3625289.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3625289.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3625289.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]],"date-time":"2021-10-31T15:50:19Z","timestamp":1635695419000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/sp\/2021\/3625289\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Shah","family":"Nazir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["3625289","3625289"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/3625289","relation":{},"ISSN":["1875-919X","1058-9244"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1875-919X"},{"type":"print","value":"1058-9244"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,31]]}}}