{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T14:33:06Z","timestamp":1785421986591,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":228,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in the lung that are made up of two spongy organs located in the chest. These cells may penetrate outside the lungs in a process called metastasis and spread to tissues and organs in the body. In this paper, using image processing, deep learning, and metaheuristic, an optimal methodology is proposed for early detection of this cancer. Here, we design a new convolutional neural network for this purpose. Marine predators algorithm is also used for optimal arrangement and better network accuracy. The method finally applied to RIDER dataset, and the results are compared with some pretrained deep networks, including CNN ResNet\u201018, GoogLeNet, AlexNet, and VGG\u201019. Final results showed higher results of the proposed method toward the compared techniques. The results showed that the proposed MPA\u2010based method with 93.4% accuracy, 98.4% sensitivity, and 97.1% specificity provides the highest efficiency with the least error (1.6) toward the other state of the art methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3694723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:05:15Z","timestamp":1629245115000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A Method for Optimal Detection of Lung Cancer Based on Deep Learning Optimized by Marine Predators Algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8837-9072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinrong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8055-3195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Y. 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