{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T15:49:16Z","timestamp":1778082556445,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]],"date-time":"2021-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621123200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012245","name":"Key Project of Guangdong Province Science & Technology Plan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012245","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009047","name":"Shantou University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}]},{"name":"National Key R&D Program of China","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}]},{"name":"Guangdong Province University Priority Field (Artificial Intelligence) Project","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2015B020233018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015B020233018"]}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["NTF17016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NTF17016"]}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2020YFC0122103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFC0122103"]}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2019KZDZX1013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019KZDZX1013"]}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["82071992"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071992"]}]},{"name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2020B1515120061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020B1515120061"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common type of disease and has a high fatality rate in humans. Early diagnosis is critical for the prognosis of CVD. Before using myocardial tissue strain, strain rate, and other indicators to evaluate and analyze cardiac function, accurate segmentation of the left ventricle (LV) endocardium is vital for ensuring the accuracy of subsequent diagnosis. For accurate segmentation of the LV endocardium, this paper proposes the extraction of the LV region features based on the YOLOv3 model to locate the positions of the apex and bottom of the LV, as well as that of the LV region; thereafter, the subimages of the LV can be obtained, and based on the Markov random field (MRF) model, preliminary identification and binarization of the myocardium of the LV subimages can be realized. Finally, under the constraints of the three aforementioned positions of the LV, precise segmentation and extraction of the LV endocardium can be achieved using nonlinear least-squares curve fitting and edge approximation. The experiments show that the proposed segmentation evaluation indices of the method, including computation speed (fps), Dice, mean absolute distance (MAD), and Hausdorff distance (HD), can reach 2.1\u20132.25 fps, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mn>93.57<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>\u00b1<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>1.97<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mi>%<\/a:mi>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mn>2.57<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>\u00b1<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.89<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mm, and <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mn>6.68<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo>\u00b1<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>1.78<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009mm, respectively. This indicates that the suggested method has better segmentation accuracy and robustness than existing techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/3772129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T19:50:08Z","timestamp":1621281008000},"page":"1-11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Automatic Segmentation of Left Ventricle in Echocardiography Based on YOLOv3 Model to Achieve Constraint and Positioning"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7236-6859","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhemin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Signal and Image Processing, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0608-1804","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1505-3159","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Alex Noel","family":"Joseph Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Signal and Image Processing, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1089-9518","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ye","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8782-7996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shuxin","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.10.009"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4348598","article-title":"Echocardiography in confirmed and highly suspected symptomatic COVID-19 patients and its impact on treatment change","volume":"2020","author":"N. Benyounes","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiology research and practice"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.2008.16.4.529"},{"issue":"8","key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-008-0357-1","article-title":"Super-fit control adaptation in memetic differential evolution frameworks","volume":"13","author":"A. Caponio","year":"2009","journal-title":"Soft Computing"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkg509"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","article-title":"Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection","author":"N. Dalal","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2005.177"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1487035"},{"key":"8","article-title":"CT-TEE image registration for surgical navigation of congenital heart disease based on a cycle adversarial network","volume":"2020","author":"Y. Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"},{"key":"9","first-page":"91","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","volume":"39","author":"S. Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10","first-page":"21","article-title":"SSD: single shot multibox detector","author":"W. Liu"},{"key":"11","article-title":"Yolov3: an incremental improvement","author":"J. Redmon","year":"2018"},{"key":"12","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fully automatic and multi-structural segmentation of the left ventricle and the myocardium on highly heterogeneous 2D echocardiographic data","author":"S. Leclerc"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5682365","article-title":"A combined fully convolutional networks and deformable model for automatic left ventricle segmentation based on 3D echocardiography","volume":"2018","author":"S. Dong","year":"2018","journal-title":"BioMed research international"},{"key":"14","first-page":"1","article-title":"2D left ventricle segmentation using deep learning","author":"E. Smistad"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2017.2743464"},{"key":"16","first-page":"65","article-title":"Real-time tracking of the left ventricle in 3D ultrasound using Kalman filter and mean value coordinates","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiogr. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"E. Smistad","year":"2014"},{"key":"17","first-page":"17","article-title":"Fast tracking of the left ventricle using global anatomical affine optical flow and local recursive block matching","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiogr. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"D. Barbosa","year":"2014"},{"key":"18","first-page":"81","article-title":"Model-based left ventricle segmentation in 3D ultrasound using phase image","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiogr. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"C. Wang","year":"2014"},{"key":"19","first-page":"25","article-title":"Automatized evaluation of the left ventricular ejection fraction from echocardiographic images using graph cut","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiogr. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"M. Bernier","year":"2014"},{"key":"20","first-page":"73","article-title":"Segmentation of multi-center 3D left ventricular echocardiograms by active appearance models","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiographic Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"M. Van Stralen","year":"2014"},{"key":"21","first-page":"57","article-title":"Learning shape representations for multi-atlas endocardium segmentation in 3D echo images","volume-title":"MICCAI Challenge Echocardiogr. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Segmentation (CETUS)","author":"O. Oktay","year":"2014"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8403262"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3203(02)00060-2"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2008.925382"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/421425"},{"key":"26","volume-title":"Markov Random Field Modeling in Image Analysis","author":"S. Z. Li","year":"2009"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.125"},{"key":"28","first-page":"689","article-title":"A new interpretation of average precision","author":"S. Robertson"},{"key":"29","first-page":"233","article-title":"The relationship between precision-recall and ROC curves","author":"J. Davis"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2016.2538465"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2013.10.012"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2408351"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2014.06.004"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0031-9155\/58\/21\/7609"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.96"}],"container-title":["Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/3772129.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/3772129.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/3772129.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T19:50:29Z","timestamp":1621281029000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/cmmm\/2021\/3772129\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Venkatesan","family":"Rajinikanth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["3772129","3772129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/3772129","relation":{},"ISSN":["1748-6718","1748-670X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1748-6718","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1748-670X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,16]]}}}