{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,7]],"date-time":"2026-01-07T08:03:48Z","timestamp":1767773028092,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":341,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010804","name":"Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011057","name":"National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT-B-01-MG-18-4814"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT-B-01-MG-18-4814"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder with a heterogeneous etiology. Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is recognized as the most common single gene mutation associated with ASD. FXS patients show some autistic behaviors and may be difficult to distinguish at a young age from autistic children. However, there have been no published reports on the prevalence of FXS in ASD patients in Thailand. In this study, we present a pilot study to analyze the CGG repeat sizes of the <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> gene in Thai autistic patients. We screened 202 unrelated Thai patients (168 males and 34 females) with nonsyndromic ASD and 212 normal controls using standard FXS molecular diagnosis techniques. The distributions of <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> CGG repeat sizes in the ASD and normal control groups were similar, with the two most common alleles having 29 and 30 CGG repeats, followed by an allele with 36 CGG repeats. No <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> full mutations or premutations were found in either ASD individuals or the normal controls. Interestingly, three ASD male patients with high normal CGG and intermediate CGG repeats (44, 46, and 53 CGG repeats) were identified, indicating that the prevalence of <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> intermediate alleles in Thai ASD patients was approximately 1% while these alleles were absent in the normal male controls. Our study indicates that CGG repeat expansions of the <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> gene may not be a common genetic cause of nonsyndromic ASD in Thai patients. However, further studies for mutations other than the CGG expansion in the <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> gene are required to get a better information on FXS prevalence in Thai ASD patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4359308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T23:20:35Z","timestamp":1639005635000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Screening for <i>FMR1<\/i> CGG Repeat Expansion in Thai Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3245-4627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Areerat","family":"Hnoonual","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0167-7262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charunee","family":"Jankittunpaiboon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5022-5361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pornprot","family":"Limprasert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.ss6904a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31159"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genom-091212-153431"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2017.19.4\/sscherer"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-019-9268-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00385"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721000192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2013.32"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-021-01115-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367713"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2012.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-013-2013-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-021-01144-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1386764"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11689-016-9179-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-1159F"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32674"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157339608783565770"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-006-0205-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1352\/2008.113:427-438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2992"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.12121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2396941520905328"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1993.tb01064.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025857422026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-014-2246-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2013.61"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181fae884"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Identification, evaluation, and management of children with autism spectrum disorder","volume":"145","author":"Hyman S. L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02673.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","first-page":"285","article-title":"Molecular screening of FMR1 mutation among autism patients in China","volume":"2","author":"Wang X.","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","first-page":"1479","article-title":"Molecular genetic study for FMR-1 gene in autistic children","volume":"38","author":"Kang K. M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.3.271"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v62i2.8473"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/children1010021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0001-3765201920180882"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41436-020-0773-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13229-019-0284-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2012.12.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-004-0198-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12040560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-6-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-1684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922811406261"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-011-1398-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-012-1580-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2019-3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2011.0089"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2004.00344.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.526779"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_2","first-page":"114","article-title":"Molecular screening for fragile X syndrome in Thailand","volume":"30","author":"Limprasert P.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000365909"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_2","first-page":"S7","article-title":"A new structured interview for children with autism spectrum disorder based on the DSM-IV","volume":"97","author":"Hansakunachai T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2014.0003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2008.070073"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/GIM.0b013e3181d0d40e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2010.090229"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_2","first-page":"1057","article-title":"Multiplex methylation specific PCR analysis of fragile X syndrome: experience in Songklanagarind Hospital","volume":"88","author":"Charalsawadi C.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-1-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01531375"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.2017.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2011.00694.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.2815"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_2","first-page":"1252","article-title":"Familial transmission of the FMR1 CGG repeat","volume":"59","author":"Nolin S. L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"American Journal of Human Genetics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5201154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/jmoldx.2009.080174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GIM.0000182468.22666.dd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/gm401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.2006.043950"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-005-1326-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh635"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28086"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23755"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.32990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"In the gray zone in the fragile X gene: what are the key unanswered clinical and biological questions?","volume":"4","author":"Hall D. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-016-0809-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.6.727"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990528)84:3<198::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.6.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.9445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02676.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302260"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19990528)84:3<195::AID-AJMG4>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.1998.115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cge.12195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2000.6440329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.2006.00265.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20705"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-12317-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0000000000000153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00061"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/4359308.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/4359308.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/4359308","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T16:27:21Z","timestamp":1735662441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/4359308"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Davor","family":"Zeljezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/4359308"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4359308","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"2314-6133"},{"type":"electronic","value":"2314-6141"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4359308"}}