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In recent years, a growing number of researchers showed significant interest in psychological and social interventions to manage chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain. Cognitive and emotional empathy is an attractive and valuable sociopsychological factor that may provide protection and resilience against chronic MSK pain. However, its effect on outpatients remains underexplored. Objective. To compare the empathy ability between chronic MSK pain outpatients and healthy controls and explore the relationship between cognitive\/emotional empathy and chronic pain. Methods. Patients with chronic MSK pain (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>n<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>22<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and healthy controls (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>n<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>26<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) completed the pain assessment and empathy ability task, utilizing a multidimensional empathy assessment tool with satisfactory reliability and validity (i.e., the Chinese version of the Multifaceted Empathy Test (MET-C)). Results. The data indicated that the chronic MSK pain outpatients had impaired cognitive empathy (i.e., lower squared cognitive empathy accuracy: Student\u2019s <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>t<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mo>\u2212<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>2.119<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>P<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.040<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, and longer task completion time: Student\u2019s <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>t<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>3.382<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>P<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>=<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.002<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) compared to healthy controls, and cognitive empathy was negatively correlated with pain intensity (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mi>r<\/m:mi>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mo>\u2212<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.614<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>P<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>=<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.002<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Further, the impaired cognitive empathy was present in identifying positive, but not negative emotions. Conclusion. These results indicate that chronic MSK pain is associated with impaired empathy ability. Our studies contribute to offering a potential direction for developing psychosocial interventions to treat chronic MSK pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4430594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T23:39:16Z","timestamp":1632699556000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Impaired Cognitive Empathy in Outpatients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5700-8746","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hang-Bin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 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