{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T19:01:10Z","timestamp":1779908470358,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":31,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Proton pumps are membrane\u2010bound enzymes important in generating gradients that help in maintaining cellular ion homeostasis, cell membrane potential, water, and solute transport across the cell surface. This study investigated the modulatory role of vitamin E on proton pump activity and reproductive parameters in cadmium<jats:bold>-<\/jats:bold>induced testicular damage. Twenty (20) male Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 200\u2009g were sorted into 4 groups of five rats each. Group I served as the control and was given normal saline orally, Group II rats were treated with a single dose of 2\u2009mg\/kg BW cadmium chloride (CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) intraperitoneally, Group III rats were given 100\u2009mg\/kg BW of vitamin E orally, and Group IV rats were given 100\u2009mg\/kg BW of vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to intraperitoneal administration of single dose of 2\u2009mg\/kg BW of cadmium chloride. The rats were anaesthetized with diethyl ether, and blood samples were obtained for sex hormonal analysis; caudal epididymis was dissected for sperm count, motility, and viability, and the testis were homogenized for lipid peroxidation and proton pump (Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\/K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> ATPase, Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ATPase, and Mg<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> ATPase) activity. Proton pump activity was assayed spectrophotometrically using the Stewart method to determine the inorganic phosphate level. Histopathological changes of the testis were also studied. The group treated with CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> showed a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) decrease in proton pump activity, sperm count, and motility and a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde level when compared with the control group. The CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010treated group also showed decrease reproductive organ weights and hormonal levels and cause necrosis of spermatogonia lining the seminiferous tubules. Rats treated with vitamin E orally for 30 days prior to CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure showed improvement in proton pump activity, a significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) increase in sperm parameters and luteinizing hormonal level, and a decrease in the lipid peroxidation level as compared with the CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> group. This study showed that vitamin E ameliorated the toxic effect of CdCl<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> on proton pump activity in the testes, hence improving testicular integrity, structures, and functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4615384","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,2]],"date-time":"2021-02-02T03:06:07Z","timestamp":1612235167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Modulatory Role of Vitamin E on Proton Pump (ATPase) Activity of Cadmium Chloride\u2010Induced Testicular Damage in Wistar Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6327-8435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olugbemi T.","family":"Olaniyan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4386-5042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulfatai O.","family":"Ojewale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9528-3407","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olugbenga O.","family":"Eweoya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adetola A.","family":"Adedoyin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9960-399X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olamide A.","family":"Adesanya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-052X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azeez O.","family":"Adeoye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3586-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olatayo S.","family":"Okeniran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","volume-title":"Manual for the Standardised Investigation and Diagnosis of the Infertile Couple","author":"WHO","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65109-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","volume-title":"WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination of Human Semen and Semen-Cervical Mucus Interaction","author":"WHO","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05739-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2004.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.1999.8785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"A brief review on the effect of cadmium toxicity: from cellular to organ level","volume":"3","author":"Sarkar A.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Biotechnology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","first-page":"963","article-title":"Mechanism, measurement and prevention of oxidative stress in male reproductive physiology","volume":"43","author":"Agarwal A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Experimental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.01.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(82)90160-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00768846"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001880105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","first-page":"759","article-title":"Lipid peroxidation","volume":"47","author":"Duthie G. G.","year":"1993","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Protective role of vitamin E against cadmium chloride induced testicular damage in rats","volume":"22","author":"Rekha K. D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/njps.v24i2.52910"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","first-page":"27","article-title":"Role of vitamin C as an antioxidant in cadmium chloride-induced testicular damage","volume":"2","author":"Rekha K. D.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","volume-title":"National Research Council","author":"ILAR","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2004.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","volume-title":"Abnormal Morphology of Bovine Spermatozoa","author":"Barth A. D.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.100.2.914-922.1969"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3078"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/jrf.0.0360107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","first-page":"44","article-title":"Factors affecting invitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenate","volume":"22","author":"Kartha R.","year":"1978","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(97)00328-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2009.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","first-page":"616","article-title":"Effect of astragalin on the activities of membrane bound enzymes on lead acetate toxicity in albino rats","volume":"3","author":"Anuradha R.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/ARRB\/2014\/4453"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","first-page":"499","article-title":"Mechanism of Na+\/K+ ATPase and Mg2+ ATPase inhibition by metal ions and complexes","volume":"5","author":"Vasic V. M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287399109531464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod63.2.599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(97)00774-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","volume-title":"Textbook of Medical Physiology","author":"Guyton A.","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-6-2874"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/4615384.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/bmri\/2021\/4615384.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/4615384","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T06:52:14Z","timestamp":1735627934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/4615384"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Davor","family":"Zeljezic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/4615384"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4615384","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-07-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-02-01","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4615384"}}