{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,28]],"date-time":"2025-07-28T21:34:55Z","timestamp":1753738495818,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635206400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Solvay Dental 360\u00ae, A Division of Solvay Specialty Polymers"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Dentistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Control of denture plaque biofilms is a practical approach to preventing persistent oral infections such as denture stomatitis. Objectives. This study compared in vitro biofilm attachment and growth on a new denture material, Ultaire\u00ae AKP, with that on traditional denture materials including cobalt chrome (CoCr), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and polyoxymethylene (POM). Methods. Microbial biofilms were grown with cultures of Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans UA159, or a mixed Streptococcus spp. (S. mutans 700610\/Streptococcus sanguinis BAA-1455) for 6 hours in a static protocol or 24 hours in a dynamic protocol for each material. Adherent biofilm cells were removed, and viable colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Confocal microscopy of the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilms was used to determine biofilm mass and roughness coefficients. Results. The rank order of C. albicans attachment after 6 hours was CoCr\u2009&gt;\u2009PMMA<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:msup>\n                           <a:mrow\/>\n                           <a:mi>\u2217<\/a:mi>\n                        <\/a:msup>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&gt;\u2009Ultaire\u00ae AKP<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:msup>\n                           <c:mrow\/>\n                           <c:mi>\u2217<\/c:mi>\n                        <\/c:msup>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:msup>\n                           <e:mrow\/>\n                           <e:mi>\u2217<\/e:mi>\n                        <\/e:msup>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>vs CoCr, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>p<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mo>\u2264<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.05<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and that for 24-hour biofilm growth was CoCr\u2009&gt;\u2009Ultaire\u00ae AKP<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:msup>\n                           <i:mrow\/>\n                           <i:mi>\u2217<\/i:mi>\n                        <\/i:msup>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&gt;\u2009PMMA<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:msup>\n                           <k:mrow\/>\n                           <k:mi>\u2217<\/k:mi>\n                        <\/k:msup>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:msup>\n                           <m:mrow\/>\n                           <m:mi>\u2217<\/m:mi>\n                        <\/m:msup>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>vs CoCr, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\">\n                        <o:mi>p<\/o:mi>\n                        <o:mo>\u2264<\/o:mo>\n                        <o:mn>0.05<\/o:mn>\n                     <\/o:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The rank order of S. mutans biofilm attachment was CoCr\u2009&gt;\u2009POM\u2009&gt;\u2009Ultaire\u00ae AKP<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\">\n                        <q:msup>\n                           <q:mrow\/>\n                           <q:mi>\u2217<\/q:mi>\n                        <\/q:msup>\n                     <\/q:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>\u2009&gt;\u2009PMMA<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <s:math xmlns:s=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M10\">\n                        <s:msup>\n                           <s:mrow\/>\n                           <s:mi>\u2217<\/s:mi>\n                        <\/s:msup>\n                     <\/s:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <u:math xmlns:u=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M11\">\n                        <u:msup>\n                           <u:mrow\/>\n                           <u:mi>\u2217<\/u:mi>\n                        <\/u:msup>\n                     <\/u:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>vs CoCr, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <w:math xmlns:w=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M12\">\n                        <w:mi>p<\/w:mi>\n                        <w:mo>\u2264<\/w:mo>\n                        <w:mn>0.05<\/w:mn>\n                     <\/w:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and that for the 24-hour Streptococcus spp. biofilm growth was POM\u2009&gt;\u2009Ultaire\u00ae AKP\u2009&gt;\u2009PMMA\u2009&gt;\u2009CoCr<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <y:math xmlns:y=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M13\">\n                        <y:msup>\n                           <y:mrow\/>\n                           <y:mi>\u2217<\/y:mi>\n                        <\/y:msup>\n                     <\/y:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula> (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <ab:math xmlns:ab=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M14\">\n                        <ab:msup>\n                           <ab:mrow\/>\n                           <ab:mi>\u2217<\/ab:mi>\n                        <\/ab:msup>\n                     <\/ab:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>vs POM, <jats:inline-formula>\n                     <cb:math xmlns:cb=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M15\">\n                        <cb:mi>p<\/cb:mi>\n                        <cb:mo>\u2264<\/cb:mo>\n                        <cb:mn>0.05<\/cb:mn>\n                     <\/cb:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Confocal images revealed structural differences in Streptococcus spp. biofilms on CoCr compared with the other test materials. Significantly lower roughness coefficients of Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire\u00ae AKP were noted, suggesting that these biofilms were less differentiated. Ultaire\u00ae AKP promoted significantly less C. albicans and S. mutans biofilm attachment than CoCr at 6\u2009hours and C. albicans growth at 24 hours. Streptococcus spp. biofilms on Ultaire\u00ae AKP were less differentiated than those on other test materials. Conclusion. In addition to its material strength, Ultaire\u00ae AKP represents an attractive option for denture material in removable partial dentures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4713510","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T18:05:08Z","timestamp":1635271508000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vitro Biofilm Formation on Aryl Ketone Polymer (AKP), A New Denture Material, Compared with That on Three Traditional Dental Denture Materials"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Cadie","family":"Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Environmental Research & Innovation Center\u2013Bristol, Solvay, 350 George Patterson Blvd., Bristol, PA 19007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Purevdorj-Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Environmental Research & Innovation Center\u2013Bristol, Solvay, 350 George Patterson Blvd., Bristol, PA 19007, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Shary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solvay Specialty Polymers, 4500 McGinnis Ferry Road, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Solvay Specialty Polymers, 4500 McGinnis Ferry Road, Alpharetta, GA 30005, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0930-7108","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Christine D.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Dentistry, 801 S. Paulina Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","first-page":"127","article-title":"Epidemiological study on removable denture deliveries in different districts of Croatia, 1996\u20132001 and 2002","volume":"29","author":"R. 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