{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:58:12Z","timestamp":1753887492453,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]],"date-time":"2021-11-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637107200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":320,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The human skeleton of a young adult male with marked asymmetry of the bilateral upper extremities was excavated from the Mashiki\u2010Azamabaru site (3000\u20132000\u2009BCE) on the main island of Okinawa in the southwestern archipelago of Japan. The skeleton was buried alone in a corner of the cemetery. In this study, morphological and radiographic observations were made on this skeleton, and the pathogenesis of the bone growth disorder observed in the left upper limb was discussed. The maximum diameter of the midshaft of the humerus was 13.8\u2009mm on the left and 21.2\u2009mm on the right. The long bones comprising the left upper extremity lost the structure of the muscle attachments except for the deltoid tubercle of the humerus. The bone morphology of the right upper extremity and the bilateral lower extremities was maintained and was close to the mean value of females from the Ohtomo site in northwestern Kyushu, Japan, during the Yayoi period. It is assumed that the anomalous bone morphology confined to the left upper extremity was secondary to the prolonged loss of function of the muscles attached to left extremity bones. In this case, birth palsy, brachial plexus injury in childhood, and acute grey matter myelitis were diagnosed. It was suggested that this person had survived into young adulthood with severe paralysis of the left upper extremity due to injury or disease at an early age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4884760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:36:01Z","timestamp":1637195761000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Significant Asymmetry of the Bilateral Upper Extremities of a Skeleton Excavated from the Mashiki\u2010Azamabaru Site, Okinawa Island, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8867-0476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keiko","family":"Ogami-Takamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazunobu","family":"Saiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuaki","family":"Wakebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Endo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyohito","family":"Murai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiatsu","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6069-6490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Tsurumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-71031-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100050217"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","first-page":"101","article-title":"Prehistoric burial customs in the Ryukyu archipelago (3): the Okinawa Islands","volume":"8","author":"Shinzato T.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of the Doctorate Studies in Social Sciences"},{"volume-title":"Anthropologie Band I","year":"1988","author":"Martin R.","key":"e_1_2_8_4_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","first-page":"71","volume-title":"Age Markers in the Human Skeleton","author":"Masset C.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330680102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.1899.0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330930102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oa.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Human skeletal remains from the Yayoi period excavated at the Ohtomo site, Saga prefecture","author":"Isotani S.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ohtomo site Reprint"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nonadult skeletal remains excavated from the Ohtomo site, Saga prefecture","author":"Wakebe T.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ohtomo site Reprint"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","first-page":"245","article-title":"Human skeletal remains from Gushikawajima island sites","volume":"64","author":"Doi N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Research Report of Okinawa Prefectural Archaeological Center"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","first-page":"294","volume-title":"Pathology of the Dental Hard Tissues","author":"Pindborg J. 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