{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:18:16Z","timestamp":1791919096841,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":314,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.G.P1\/39\/42"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P1\/39\/42"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Numerous medicinal plants have been utilized for the treatment of different types of diseases and disorders including gastrointestinal (GI) diseases. GI diseases are the most common complaints that normally affects the largest proportion of children and adolescents with overlapping clinical manifestation in diagnosis and medical needs. Drugs with antispasmodic effects are normally applied for the symptomatic treatment of contraction and cramping of smooth muscles in gastrointestinal diseases as well as in other critical clinical situations. In alternative system of medicines, the antispasmodic herbs played a significant role in the cure of GI diseases. These medicinal plants and their herbal products are used from generation to generation because of multiple nutritional and therapeutic benefits. The multiple uses might be attributed to the presence on biologically active chemical constitutes. The main aim of this review is to focus on the medicinal potential of plants possessing antispasmodic activities with their proposed mechanism of action. Several databases such as Google Scholar, Cochrane database, Scopus, and PubMed were used to search the relevant literature regarding \u201cplants with antispasmodic activities.\u201d This present study highlights the updated and quantified information on several medicinal plants with antispasmodic activity like <jats:italic>Zanthoxylum armatum<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Matricaria chamomilla, Foeniculum vulgare<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pycnocycla spinosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Atropa belladonna<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Lavandula angustifolia<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Mentha pulegium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Glycyrrhiza ularensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Anethum graveolens<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Origanum majorana<\/jats:italic>. Moreover, recent studies on other medicinal plant species also have been included in this review article. Additionally, the study also revealed that the active compounds of all these plants possess significant spasmolytic effect which is safest, efficacious, and cost effective as compared to the available synthetic drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4889719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T19:50:05Z","timestamp":1636660205000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Antispasmodic Potential of Medicinal Plants: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2429-5491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdur","family":"Rauf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7217-7962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5137-5169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prabhakar","family":"Semwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-1838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adil A. H.","family":"Mujawah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5965-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naveed","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zerfishan","family":"Riaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveed","family":"Munir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Piotrovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irina","family":"Vdovina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9317-1631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelhakim","family":"Bouyahya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Oluwaseun","family":"Adetunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Shariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8196-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zainab M.","family":"Almarhoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9762-0323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahia N.","family":"Mabkhot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1736-4404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haroon","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-0062"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000485409"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","article-title":"Antispasmodic and antidiarrhoeal activities of 6-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-hexanonic acid from Pycnocycla spinosa Decne. exBoiss","volume":"9","author":"Sadraei H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","first-page":"247","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease part I: ulcerative colitis\u2013pathophysiology and conventional and alternative treatment options","volume":"8","author":"Colitis\u2013Pathophysiology, U","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alternative Medicine Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.1.79-94.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e31825ccd5a"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/351086"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000001111"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000269822"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211715"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1542-3565(03)00130-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14653240902725566"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v10i2.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.02.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","first-page":"942","article-title":"A study of the effect of prostodin and hydroalcoholic extract of Malva neglecta on kidney histopathology and renal factors in female rats","volume":"8","author":"Beyrami-Miavagi A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Environmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","first-page":"824","article-title":"The effect of halcoholic extract of celery leaves on the delivery rate (fertilization and stillbirths), the number, weight and sex ratio of rat off spring","volume":"8","author":"Kooti W.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Advances in Environmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/jjnpp-17532"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/pjbs.2013.1238.1247"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","volume-title":"The Complete German Commission e Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to Herbal Medicines","author":"Nathan M.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880200902918352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1572-5995(01)80019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.11.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3819714"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_2","volume-title":"Biodiversity","author":"Farnsworth N.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_2","volume-title":"Herbal medicine. Expanded commission E monographs","author":"Blumenthal M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(12)60288-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.2442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2006.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.902"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2011.06.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1186179"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.879601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-873134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np020127x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048404o"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)00415-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-871224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbdv.201400094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_2","article-title":"Antispasmodic effects of Prangos ferulacea acetone extract and its main component osthole on ileum contraction","volume":"8","author":"Sadraei H.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2010.494307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_2","article-title":"Antidiarrheal activities of isovanillin, iso-acetovanillon and Pycnocycla spinosa Decne ex. Boiss extract in mice","volume":"9","author":"Sadraei H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Research in pharmaceutical sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf800051n"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_2","first-page":"274","article-title":"Antispasmodic effects of valeriana compounds: an in-vivo and in-vitro study on the guinea-pig ileum","volume":"257","author":"Hazelhoff B.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Archives Internationales de Pharmacodynamie et de Th\u00e9rapie"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-967171"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-959601"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1296991"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_2","article-title":"The effect of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed oil emulsion in infantile colic: a randomized, placebo-controlled study","volume":"9","author":"Alexandrovich I.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_2","first-page":"545","article-title":"In vivo and in vitro hypotensive effect of aqueous extract of Moringa stenopetala","volume":"12","author":"Mengistu M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"African Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_2","first-page":"334","article-title":"Hydro-alcoholic extract of Matricaria recutita exhibited dual anti-spasmodic effect via modulation of Ca2+ channels, NO and PKA2-kinase pathway in rabbit jejunum","volume":"7","author":"Yazdi H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1074901"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-015-0595-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.1065"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2008.05.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_2","first-page":"321","article-title":"Calcium antagonism and Ca++ entry blockade","volume":"38","author":"Godfraind T.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2004.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of some plants from family Apiaceae in relation to selected phytopathogenic bacteria","volume":"28","author":"Du\u0161ko B. L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Kragujevac Journal of Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030813h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1040869059096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11655-013-1327-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/842674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"Possible mechanism (s) for relaxant effects of Foeniculum vulgare on guinea pig tracheal chains","volume":"59","author":"Boskabady M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Die Pharmazie-An International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(01)00249-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-009-9308-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(03)00077-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_2","volume-title":"Phytochemical Methods a Guide to Modern Techniques of Plant Analysis","author":"Harborne A.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(99)00209-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198529030-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_2","unstructured":"IzaddoostM.andRobinsonT. Synergism and antagonism in the pharmacology of alkaloidal plants. Herbs spices and medicinal plants: recent advances in botany horticulture and pharmacology (USA) 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12359"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_2","unstructured":"Lis-BalchinM.andHartS. Pharmacological effect of essential oils on the uterus compared to that on other tissue types Proceedings of Proceedings of the 27th International Symposium on Essential Oils Vienna Austria Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream IL 29\u201332."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_2","first-page":"408","article-title":"Relaxant effects on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles of the guinea pig","volume":"35","author":"Reiter M.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arzneimittel-Forschung"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_2","unstructured":"Aguilar ContrerasA. Herbario Medicinal del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social: Informaci\u00f3n Etnobot\u00e1nica 1994."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880209.2013.764536"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2012.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.10.0013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"Evaluation of the effect of Anethum graveolens L. crude extracts on serum lipids and lipoproteins profiles in hypercholesterolaemic rats","volume":"16","author":"Yazdanparast R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3923\/ijp.2007.260.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7897\/2277-4343.0917"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_2","article-title":"Effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens) on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea in compared with mefenamic acid: a randomized, double-blind trial","volume":"19","author":"Heidarifar R.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Medical Sciences: the Official Journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2005.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)80748-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2009.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1658-3655(12)60028-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2004.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2009.09.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf048777p"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13596-011-0047-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2222-1808(12)60068-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"Antidiabetic Activity of Origanum Majorana L in Glucose Fed Normal Rats and Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats","volume":"21","author":"Mohamoud I. A. A.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sudan Journal of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/974256"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b01051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_2","article-title":"Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Satureja hortensis and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil","volume":"3","author":"Mahboubi M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hel.12350"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_2","first-page":"3430","article-title":"Chemical constituents of Acorus calamus","volume":"37","author":"Qiao D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi = Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi = China journal of Chinese materia medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2013.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-3767.173759"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.3827"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_103_2","article-title":"Anticonvulsant effect of the aqueous extract and essential oil of Carum carvi L. seeds in a pentylenetetrazol model of seizure in mice","volume":"41","author":"Showraki A.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5603"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13880200903046161"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_106_2","first-page":"577","article-title":"Studies on chemical constituents of leaves of Psidium guajava","volume":"34","author":"Fu H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Zhongguo Zhong yao za zhi= Zhongguo zhongyao zazhi=China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2016.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-8741(02)00185-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_109_2","first-page":"123","article-title":"Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and healing effects of walnut leaves Juglans regia L. aqueous extract","volume":"7","author":"Amel B.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2021.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_111_2","first-page":"711","article-title":"Antispasmodic activity and mechanism of action of polyherbal formulation DCD-684 on rabbit jejunum","volume":"34","author":"Roome T.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43440-020-00196-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_113_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/ajbls.2020.9.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5958\/0974-360X.2020.00768.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jhp.2020.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05445"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"MbuguaP. M. OluochL. L. ChegeB. M. SiringoC. G. andWangechiA. M. The antispasmodic effect of aqueous root bark extract of Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl on isolated rabbit jejunum is mediated through blockade of calcium channels 2020.","DOI":"10.15562\/phytomedicine.2020.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-190435"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s43450-020-00054-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jpri\/2020\/v32i2430812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4322\/2179-443X.0667"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24091675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24132497"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18311\/jnr\/2021\/24752"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/gscbps.2020.11.1.0049"}],"container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/4889719.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/omcl\/2021\/4889719.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/4889719","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,7]],"date-time":"2024-08-07T19:06:37Z","timestamp":1723057597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/4889719"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sonia","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/4889719"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/4889719","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1942-0900","1942-0994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1942-0900","type":"print"},{"value":"1942-0994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-09-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-10-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-11-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"4889719"}}