{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T04:41:13Z","timestamp":1766983273542,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":202,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M660392"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M660392"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015749","name":"Communication University of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLMCC2020KF002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLMCC2020KF002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015749","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The mechanical ventilation of human body is a complex human\u2010computer interaction process. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) is a new type of ventilation, which is often measured by lung pressure, respiratory work, and other parameters. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the pressure, flow, and strain rate of upper respiratory tract with different flow and oxygen concentration by using finite element simulation, to guide professionals to adjust the appropriate flow and oxygen concentration parameters of HFNC machine. This paper studies the complex human\u2010computer interaction environment of human respiratory tract and ventilation airflow. The 3D model of respiratory tract established by the conversion of image scanning data was taken as the research object. The flow state of the gases in the respiratory tract was judged by Reynolds equation. After that, RNG K\u2010<jats:italic>\u03b5<\/jats:italic> model was applied to the research object, and the simulation diagram of airway pressure, flow rate, strain rate, and trace diagram of flowing particles were obtained under the finite element method. The results explain some clinical phenomena in HFNC and guide people to make better use of mathematical tools to study human\u2010computer complex environment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/4981691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]],"date-time":"2021-07-22T18:20:06Z","timestamp":1626978006000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Flow Field Analysis of Adult High\u2010Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5316-5982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingen","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6128-3727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiaqi","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7962-7436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jixiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3079-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3703-3661","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,22]]},"reference":[{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","DOI":"10.2345\/0899-8205-45.1.69"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","DOI":"10.1097\/cm9.0000000000000769"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2019.00563"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-018-2039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","article-title":"A high-flow nasal cannula system set at relatively low flow effectively washes out CO2 from the anatomical dead space of a respiratory-system model","volume":"70","author":"Yu O.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Anesthesiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","article-title":"A high-flow nasal cannula system with relatively low flow effectively washes out CO2 from the anatomical dead space in a sophisticated respiratory model made by a 3D printer","volume":"6","author":"Yu O.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Care Medicine Experimental"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","article-title":"Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure and high-flow nasal cannula on sucking, swallowing, and breathing during bottle-feeding in lambs","volume":"5","author":"Nathalie S.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","DOI":"10.1177\/1479973119880892"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.07.021"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2018.00311"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000000743"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.03423"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.04577"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.congress-2015.oa505"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","article-title":"Comparing the effectiveness of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in prevention of post extubation assisted ventilation","volume":"64","author":"Mostafa-Gharehbaghi M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3226-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1971.31.2.207"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8240(80)80060-7"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-121108-145453"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.03.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Lectures in MathemArticle Models of Turbulence","author":"Launder B. 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