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Immune checkpoint blocking is one of the effective strategies to activate antitumor immunity. Immune checkpoints prevent tissue damage by regulating the immune response of peripheral tissues and participate in the maintenance of a normal immune environment. In the presence of a tumor, inhibition of T cell activity by tumor cells binding to immune checkpoints and their ligands is an important mechanism for tumor cells to escape immune injury. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of immune checkpoints and their potential as immunotherapeutic targets for pituitary tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5300381","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,17]],"date-time":"2021-08-17T20:39:05Z","timestamp":1629232745000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Immune Checkpoints: Therapeutic Targets for Pituitary Tumors"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Ding","family":"Nie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yimeng","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiuyue","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhua","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dawei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuzhong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songbai","family":"Gui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yazhuo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6216-3858","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Peng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1","article-title":"Pituitary adenomas: from diagnosis to therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"S. 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