{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:13:52Z","timestamp":1773663232127,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":178,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002641","name":"Konkuk University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002641","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Testicular torsion is a urologic emergency induced by torsion of the spermatic cord, interrupting blood circulation to the testis. Therapeutic options for testicular torsion, except surgical restoration of testis, are rarely applied in clinical practice. This study, therefore, investigated whether topical application of nitrite (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>) is beneficial in tissue damage due to testicular ischemia\u2010reperfusion (I\/R) injury in rats. Pubertal Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were assigned to seven groups: group A, sham\u2010operated control group; group B, I\/R with no treatment; groups C, D, and E, I\/R followed by treatment with three different doses of nitrite; group F, I\/R followed by administration of nitrite and a NO scavenger, C\u2010PTIO (2\u2010(4\u2010carboxyphenyl)\u20104,4,5,5\u2010tetramethylimidazoline\u20101\u2010oxyl\u20103\u2010oxide potassium salt); and group G, I\/R followed by administration of nitrate (NO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>). Unilateral testicular ischemia was maintained for 5\u2009h, followed by reperfusion for 24\u2009h. Nitrite and nitrate were topically administered before reperfusion. Compared to group A, germ cell apoptosis, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymatic function, and lipid peroxidation were significantly increased, along with abnormal morphology and impaired spermatogenesis in group B (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05). In contrast, testicular damage was generally attenuated in the nitrite treatment groups due to a reduction in superoxide and peroxynitrite levels and the inhibition of caspase\u20103\u2010dependent apoptosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05 vs. group B). These therapeutic effects of nitrite\u2010derived NO were suppressed after injection of C\u2010PTIO, which showed in group F. Taken together, our results demonstrate that topical application of nitrite may be one of the therapeutic strategies for testicular ischemia\u2010reperfusion injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5514537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]],"date-time":"2021-06-28T20:26:03Z","timestamp":1624911963000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Protective Effects of Topical Application of Nitrite on Testicular Ischemia\u2010Reperfusion Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6522-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Won","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0870-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ee Taek","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-1932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin Soo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197702102960611"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2011.09.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","first-page":"355","article-title":"Protective effect of fumaria parviflora extract on oxidative stress and testis tissue damage in diabetic rats","volume":"6","author":"Shokoohi M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/andr.12681"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0402927101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00334.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI22493"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-007-0189-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000178170"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.32.4.980"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb02174.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/niox.1997.0133"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000245116.40163.1c"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-005-9105-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)49278-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.82.12.1298"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20080987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0895-804"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-115261"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.11.7757"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio813"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2006050450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_2","first-page":"92","article-title":"Sodium nitrite-derived nitric oxide protects rat testes against ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"21","author":"Lee J. 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