{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T03:52:49Z","timestamp":1788925969901,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Diabetes Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. Although the risk factors for diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot ulcer have been detected, there was no practical modeling for their prediction. We aimed to design a logistic regression model on an Iranian dataset to predict the probability of experiencing diabetic foot ulcers up to a considered age in diabetic patients. Methods. The present study was a statistical modeling on a previously published dataset. The covariates were sex, age, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), insulin dependency, and statin use. The final model of logistic regression was designed through a manual stepwise method. To study the performance of the model, an area under receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve was reported. A scoring system was defined according to the beta coefficients to be used in logistic function for calculation of the probability. Results. The pretest probability for the outcome was 30.83%. The final model consisted of age (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>\u03b2<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mn>1<\/a:mn>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.133<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), BMI (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>\u03b2<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mn>2<\/c:mn>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.194<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), FBS (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>\u03b2<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mn>3<\/e:mn>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.011<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), HDL (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\">\n                        <g:mi>\u03b2<\/g:mi>\n                        <g:mn>4<\/g:mn>\n                        <g:mo>=<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mo>\u2212<\/g:mo>\n                        <g:mn>0.118<\/g:mn>\n                     <\/g:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and insulin dependency (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\">\n                        <i:mi>\u03b2<\/i:mi>\n                        <i:mn>5<\/i:mn>\n                        <i:mo>=<\/i:mo>\n                        <i:mn>0.986<\/i:mn>\n                     <\/i:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\">\n                        <k:mi>P<\/k:mi>\n                        <k:mo>&lt;<\/k:mo>\n                        <k:mn>0.1<\/k:mn>\n                     <\/k:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). The performance of the model was definitely acceptable (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\">\n                        <m:mtext>AUC<\/m:mtext>\n                        <m:mo>=<\/m:mo>\n                        <m:mn>0.914<\/m:mn>\n                     <\/m:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusion. This model can be used clinically for consulting the patients. The only negative predictor of the risk is HDL cholesterol. Keeping the HDL level more than 50 (mg\/dl) is strongly suggested. Logistic regression modeling is a simple and practical method to be used in the clinic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5521493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T15:20:06Z","timestamp":1616080806000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Designing a Logistic Regression Model for a Dataset to Predict Diabetic Foot Ulcer in Diabetic Patients: High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol Was the Negative Predictor"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9274-7408","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Seyyed Amir Yasin","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Razieh","family":"Shirzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Mousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ermia","family":"Farokhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Soleimaninejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6475-212X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Mehrzad","family":"Jafarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1","first-page":"225","article-title":"Developing a valid and reliable questionnaire of the stages of change in self-management of patients with type 2 diabetes among an Iranian population","volume":"7","author":"M. 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