{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T01:23:03Z","timestamp":1775179383435,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]],"date-time":"2021-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619654400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) infection has been long considered among the sexually transmitted diseases that possesses a clear effect on women\u2019s health especially in the childbearing period. Methods. A 234 females of age range 18-45 years old attending the Gynecology and Obstetrics Outpatient Clinic of Kasr El Aini Hospitals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. The taken vaginal swabs were subjected to wet mount microscopy, Giemsa stain, modified Diamond\u2019s culture, and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) amplification. Multiattribute and analytical hierarchy processes were conducted to detect laboratory utility. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to detect the multiple risk factors that may be associated with Trichomonas infection. Results. Based on nPCR, the prevalence of trichomoniasis was 26.9%. Wet mount, Giemsa stain, and culture showed 100% specificity but of low sensitivity (28.57%, 28.57%, and 57.14%, respectively). On the multivariate analysis, nPCR showed the highest rank for diagnostic performance and culture had the lowest rank. For univariate analysis, there was a significant correlation between T. vaginalis infection and vaginal discharge, burning sensation, dyspareunia, and the use of intrauterine device (IUD) (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>P<\/a:mi><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>value &lt; 0.05). Conclusion. The routine screening of trichomoniasis using nPCR was reliable, sensitive, and specific. Also, it could financially be considered a more suitable option in batch screening. Significant higher rates of infection were reported among IUD users compared to condom or hormonal-based methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5525095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,30]],"date-time":"2021-04-30T23:35:14Z","timestamp":1619825714000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multiattribute Analysis of Trichomonas vaginalis Diagnostics and Its Correlation with Clinical Complaints and Contraceptive Methods in a Symptomatic Egyptian Cohort"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5077-5849","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marwa M. I.","family":"Ghallab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Alaa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salwa M.","family":"Morsy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/tp.TP_50_18"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21608\/jesp.2018.77471","article-title":"Prevalence, sociodemographic factors and clinical criteria of trichomonas vaginalis infection among symptomatic women in Beni-Suef Governorate, Egypt","volume":"48","author":"D. A. Hamdy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-019-0162-9"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.19972.1"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","article-title":"Molecular investigation of trichomoniasis in women in Al-Muthana province \/Iraq","volume":"1234","author":"H. R. J. Al-Abodi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-015-0169-2"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02025-15"},{"issue":"6","key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7190","article-title":"Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic women in Central Vietnam","volume":"9","author":"P. A. T. 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Kiweewa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the International AIDS Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"15","first-page":"432","article-title":"Prevalence, clinical criteria and sociodemographic predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in suspected Egyptian women, using direct diagnostic techniques","volume":"10","author":"A. H. Hussein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Parasitology"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.93756"},{"issue":"4","key":"17","first-page":"178","article-title":"Prevalence of Trichomonas infection among women attending antenatal clinics in Zaria, Nigeria","volume":"5","author":"E. D. Jatau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annals of African Medicine"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5402\/2013\/485439"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2013.03.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.47723\/kcmj.v13i1.117","article-title":"Contraception as a Risk Factor of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection Among Women Attending Outpatient of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity and Children-Baqubah-Iraq","volume":"13","author":"S. T. Salman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Al-Kindy College Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"21","first-page":"20","article-title":"Contraception as a risk factor of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women attending outpatient of Al-Batool Teaching Hospital for Maternity Contraception as a risk factor of Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women attending outpatient of Al-Batool","volume":"13","author":"S. Talib","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iraqi Scientific Journal"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/916597"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2021\/5525095.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2021\/5525095.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2021\/5525095.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,26]],"date-time":"2022-12-26T04:34:54Z","timestamp":1672029294000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/idog\/2021\/5525095\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Faustino R.","family":"Perez-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["5525095","5525095"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5525095","relation":{},"ISSN":["1098-0997","1064-7449"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1098-0997","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1064-7449","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,29]]}}}