{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:28:12Z","timestamp":1775024892749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":186,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Seedling Talent Project of Zhejiang Province","award":["2020R412045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412045"]}]},{"name":"New Seedling Talent Project of Zhejiang Province","award":["2018C02013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018C02013"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017599","name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2020R412045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017599","name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["2018C02013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018C02013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017599","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Tree position plays an important role in research on forest resources and ecological functions, and quickly and accurately obtaining tree position data has long been the focus of investigators. However, the classical method is time\u2010consuming and laborious; thus, a convenient method of measuring tree position is needed. The primary achievements of this study include the following: (1) a device was designed for precise location of trees; (2) a new location algorithm was proposed for pentagonal localization based on the received signal strength indication and ultrawideband technology; and (3) a PC software application was developed for automatically storing and uploading tree position data. The device was applied to 10 circular plots with a diameter of 24\u2009m to test the positioning speed and accuracy. The results showed that the tree positions could be accurately estimated. On the <jats:italic>x<\/jats:italic>\u2010 and <jats:italic>y<\/jats:italic>\u2010axes, the biases were \u20103.94 and 3.36\u2009cm, respectively, and the root mean square errors (RMSEs) were 28.39 and 28.53\u2009cm, respectively. The mean error (Ed) between the estimated and reference distances was 36.13\u2009cm, and the standard deviation was 16.67\u2009cm. The device is inexpensive and easy to use and carry in the field; thus, it is suitable for locating trees in environments with complex terrain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5539302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T22:05:27Z","timestamp":1625609127000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Method to Locate Tree Positions Using Ultrawideband Technology"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Fangxing","family":"Yuan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5935-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luming","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siqing","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junjun","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f9110696"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi7030093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118902028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","volume-title":"Leitfaden zur Waldmesslehre","author":"Kramer H.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","volume-title":"Protocols for the Measurement, Monitoring, and Reporting of Structure, Biomass, Carbon Stocks and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Tropical Peat Swamp Forests","author":"Kuffman J. B.","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-32572-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2016.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f8080265"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","unstructured":"Hagl\u00f6fSweden Hagl\u00f6f Postex\u00ae Laser 2021 https:\/\/haglofsweden.com\/project\/postex-laser\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70101095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f7060127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10040540"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f10030277"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211392"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2017.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9040350"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s130201614"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431160512331337961"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01431161.2012.692888"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f9050237"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs4010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2011.2161613"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2011.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/2536327"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs70201877"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2012.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs11131602"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f9010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs10111845"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f7080165"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","first-page":"82","article-title":"Developing portable system for measuring diameter at breast height","volume":"40","author":"Sun L.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Beijing Forestry University"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/rs8020123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/f7030061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/a12020040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9091399"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9050861"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9030448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9020209"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-37192-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KrishnanS. SharmaP. GuopingZ. andWoonO. H. A UWB based localization system for indoor robot navigation 2007 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband September 2007 Singapore 77\u201382 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICUWB.2007.4380919 2-s2.0-50249131983.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUWB.2007.4380919"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-40159-1_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061875"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19061464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11959\/j.issn.1000-436x.2017236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132942"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HamdounS. RachediA. andBenslimaneA. Comparative analysis of RSSI-based indoor localization when using multiple antennas in wireless sensor networks 2013 International Conference on Selected Topics in Mobile and Wireless Networking (MoWNeT) August 2013 Montreal QC Canada 146\u2013151 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/mownet.2013.6613811 2-s2.0-84886683156.","DOI":"10.1109\/MoWNet.2013.6613811"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/cn.2013.52B007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19163464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1013767926256"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8030334"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","first-page":"108","article-title":"Quadrilateral localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks","volume":"27","author":"Wen J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Transducer and Microsystem Technologies"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s19132867"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20010144"}],"container-title":["Journal of Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2021\/5539302.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/js\/2021\/5539302.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2021\/5539302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,6]],"date-time":"2024-08-06T00:26:03Z","timestamp":1722903963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2021\/5539302"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Bahareh","family":"Kalantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2021\/5539302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/5539302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-725X","1687-7268"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-725X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-7268","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-01-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-07-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5539302"}}