{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:54:05Z","timestamp":1791773645688,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]],"date-time":"2021-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627603200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Behavioural Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,30]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the effects of opium use disorder (OUD) on attention, working memory, and information-processing speed. Thirty outpatients with OUD and 20 healthy controls (HCs) were assessed using a neuropsychological battery consisted of Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Revised (AVLT-R), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R), Digit Forward and Backward Tests (DFT and DBT), and WAIS-R Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). The most affected cognitive functions in patients with OUD were detected by DBT and DSST. However, we found no significant difference between patients according to the route of administration. Within patients with OUD, DBT score was associated with opium use quantity (OUQ) (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\">\n                        <a:mi>r<\/a:mi>\n                        <a:mo>=<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mo>\u2212<\/a:mo>\n                        <a:mn>0.385<\/a:mn>\n                     <\/a:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>), and DBT (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\">\n                        <c:mi>r<\/c:mi>\n                        <c:mo>=<\/c:mo>\n                        <c:mn>0.483<\/c:mn>\n                     <\/c:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) and DSST (<jats:inline-formula>\n                     <e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\">\n                        <e:mi>r<\/e:mi>\n                        <e:mo>=<\/e:mo>\n                        <e:mn>0.542<\/e:mn>\n                     <\/e:math>\n                  <\/jats:inline-formula>) scores were correlated with duration of use. Our findings indicated that working memory and information-processing speed are the most affected domains of cognitive functioning. DBT and DSST could be used as brief assessments in clinical settings to screen for cognitive deficits in patients with OUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5548623","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,31]],"date-time":"2021-07-31T14:20:06Z","timestamp":1627741206000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cognitive Impairment in Opium Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7461-541X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hossein","family":"Sanjari Moghaddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behrang","family":"Shadloo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Shahkhah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychiatry Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Tafakhori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iranian Center of Neurological Research (ICNR), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Haghshomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"},{"name":"Students\u2019 Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7010-1785","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Shakila","family":"Meshkat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1704-323X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vajiheh","family":"Aghamollaii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60007-5"},{"key":"2","volume-title":"World drug report","author":"Nations, United","year":"2016"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.10.006"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-010-9732-3"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)92281-4"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.025"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3810\/pgm.2013.07.2684"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ajad.12260"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.04.014"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.08.024"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12922"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2019.00743"},{"issue":"2","key":"13","first-page":"104","article-title":"The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: alternate forms equivalency and reliability for the Iranian adult population (Persian version)","volume":"14","author":"M. 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