{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T03:48:48Z","timestamp":1772941728855,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Knowledge of drug composition consumed on the streets and the identification and quantification of their adulterants is essential for understanding unexpected side effects, tracking routes, and drug profiling. Therefore, this work aimed to determine the purity and to identify and quantify the main adulterants found in personal doses of cocaine (perico) and coca paste (bazuco) in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia). The data collected in this study describe a first attempt to introduce the qualitative and quantitative analyses of adulterants present in street drugs in Cartagena de Indias to improve surveillance. Through gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the purity and adulterants were quantified in 45 personal doses of cocaine powder and coca paste. 100% of the personal doses in the city were adulterated; caffeine, phenacetin, and levamisole were the main adulterants identified in cocaine. Besides the above, lidocaine was also found in coca paste. The purity of cocaine varied from 8% to almost 70%, with caffeine ranging from 6% to 42%. In the case of coca paste, the maximum content of cocaine found was 60%, while some samples contained as little as 14%. The results are consistent with other research in terms of the widespread use of caffeine as an adulterant, but they also follow the growing trend of the use of levamisole and phenacetin. The wide range of cocaine content in samples sold in the illicit market could cause undesirable effects on cocaine users who do not know the exact intended dose for consumption; so, this study intends to make these results available not only to academic, public health, and national security agencies but also to tourists entering Cartagena de Indias, so that they are aware of what they are consuming and the risks to which they are exposed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5562315","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T21:20:15Z","timestamp":1622064015000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Personal Doses of Cocaine and Coca Paste are Adulterated in Cartagena de Indias (Colombia)"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"given":"Jefferson","family":"Urzola-Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus Zaragocilla, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Mendoza-Goez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Cartagena, Campus Zaragocilla, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7466-7914","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Diofanor","family":"Acevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Agropecuario y Agroindustrial (IDAA), Universidad de Cartagena, Campus Piedra de Bol\u00edvar, Cartagena de Indias 130015, Colombia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40199-017-0180-2"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2601264"},{"key":"3","volume-title":"World Drug Report 2020; Market Analysis of Plant Based Drugs and Synthetic Drugs","author":"UNOOD","year":"2020"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2018.11.005"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/947879"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2017-0007"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/207651"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.03.175"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/9493718"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep23520"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/863918"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-73153-7_3"},{"key":"13","volume-title":"Reporte de Drogas en Colombia","author":"Coordinadora Observatorio de Drogas de Colombia. 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