{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T14:58:27Z","timestamp":1753887507332,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]],"date-time":"2021-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":329,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012456","name":"National Social Science Fund of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21BGL233"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21BGL233"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012456","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Traffic accidents are frequent although various countermeasures are introduced. Traffic safety cannot be fundamentally improved if it is not considered in the transportation network design stage. Although it is well known that traffic safety is one of the most important concerns of the public, traffic safety is not adequately accommodated in transportation planning. This paper considers traffic safety as a major criterion in designing a transportation network. It is a kind of proactive measure rather than reactive measure. A bilevel programming model system is proposed where the upper level is the urban planners\u2019 decision to minimize the estimated total number of traffic accidents, and the lower level is the travelers\u2019 response behaviors to achieve transportation system equilibrium. A genetic algorithm (GA) with elite strategy is proposed to solve the bilevel model. The method of successive averages (MSA) is embedded for the lower level model, which is a feedback procedure between destination choice and traffic assignment. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and algorithm, an experimental study is carried out. The results show that these methods can be a valuable tool to design a safer transportation network although efficiency, in terms of system total travel time, is slightly sacrificed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5564063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T00:05:11Z","timestamp":1637971511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Active Safety Planning Method for Transportation Network Design"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2021","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4766-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongzhi","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_1_2","first-page":"90","article-title":"Recent theoretical researches on transportation safety planning","volume":"27","author":"Huang H.","year":"2014","journal-title":"China Journal of Highway and Transport"},{"unstructured":"Safetea-Lu Safe accountable flexible efficient transportation equity Act: a legacy for users 2005 U.S. Federal Highway Administration Washington DC USA SAFETEA-LU.","key":"e_1_2_9_2_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_3_2","DOI":"10.3141\/2333-05"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_4_2","DOI":"10.3141\/2399-03"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_5_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2016.03.016"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_6_2","DOI":"10.1080\/23249935.2017.1345998"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_7_2","DOI":"10.1061\/jtepbs.0000025"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_8_2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11116-016-9738-y"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_9_2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.02.070"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_10_2","DOI":"10.3141\/1581-06"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_11_2","DOI":"10.1016\/s0001-4575(01)00061-6"},{"volume-title":"Urban Travel Demand Modeling: From Individual Choices to General Equilibrium","year":"1995","author":"Oppenheim N.","key":"e_1_2_9_12_2"},{"volume-title":"Urban Transportation Networks: Equilibrium Analysis with Mathematical Programming Methods","year":"1985","author":"Sheffi Y.","key":"e_1_2_9_13_2"},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","key":"e_1_2_9_14_2","DOI":"10.3141\/2077-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_2","first-page":"65","article-title":"Introducing \u201cfeedback\u201d into four-step travel forecasting procedure versus equilibrium solution of combined model","volume":"1443","author":"Boyce D. 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